Dolan Kate, Rodas Ana, Bode Adam
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Prison Health. 2015;11(1):30-8. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-02-2014-0005.
The purpose of this paper is to compare the use of drugs and alcohol by Indigenous and non-Indigenous prisoners and examine relevant treatment in Australian prisons.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Prison authorities were surveyed about alcohol and drug use by prisoners prior to and during imprisonment and drug and alcohol treatment programs in prison. The literature was review for information on alcohol and drug use and treatment in Australian prisons.
In 2009, over 80 percent of Indigenous and non-Indigenous inmates smoked. Prior to imprisonment, many Indigenous and non-Indigenous inmates drank alcohol at risky levels (65 vs 47 percent) and used illicit drugs (over 70 percent for both groups). Reports of using heroin (15 vs 21 percent), ATS (21 vs 33 percent), cannabis (59 vs 50 percent) and injecting (61 vs 53 percent) were similarly high for both groups. Prison-based programs included detoxification, Opioid Substitution Treatment, counselling and drug free units, but access was limited especially among Indigenous prisoners.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Drug and alcohol use was a significant issue in Australian prisons. Prisoners were over five times more likely than the general population to have a substance use disorder. Imprisonment provides an important opportunity for rehabilitation for offenders. This opportunity is especially relevant to Indigenous prisoners who were more likely to use health services when in prison than in the community and given their vast over representations in prison populations.
Given the effectiveness of treatment in reducing re-offending rates, it is important to expand drug treatment and especially culturally appropriate treatment programs for Indigenous inmates.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Very little is known about Indigenous specific drug and alcohol programs in Australian prisons.
本文旨在比较澳大利亚原住民和非原住民囚犯的药物和酒精使用情况，并研究澳大利亚监狱中的相关治疗措施。
设计/方法/途径：就囚犯入狱前及入狱期间的酒精和药物使用情况以及监狱中的药物和酒精治疗项目对监狱当局进行了调查。对有关澳大利亚监狱中酒精和药物使用及治疗的文献进行了综述。
2009年，超过80%的原住民和非原住民囚犯吸烟。入狱前，许多原住民和非原住民囚犯饮酒量达到危险水平（分别为65%和47%），并使用非法药物（两组均超过70%）。两组使用海洛因（分别为15%和21%）、苯丙胺类兴奋剂（分别为21%和33%）、大麻（分别为59%和50%）以及注射毒品（分别为61%和53%）的报告比例同样很高。基于监狱的项目包括戒毒、阿片类药物替代治疗、咨询和戒毒单元，但获得这些治疗的机会有限，尤其是在原住民囚犯中。
研究局限/启示：药物和酒精使用在澳大利亚监狱中是一个重大问题。囚犯患物质使用障碍的可能性比普通人群高五倍多。监禁为罪犯提供了重要的康复机会。这一机会对原住民囚犯尤为重要，因为他们在狱中比在社区中更有可能使用医疗服务，而且在监狱人口中所占比例过高。
鉴于治疗在降低再犯率方面的有效性，扩大药物治疗，特别是为原住民囚犯提供适合其文化的治疗项目非常重要。
原创性/价值：对于澳大利亚监狱中针对原住民的特定药物和酒精项目，人们了解甚少。
