Cook K L, Ritchey E L, Loughrin J H, Haley M, Sistani K R, Bolster C H
USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
University of Kentucky, Plant and Soil Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA.
Waste Manag. 2015 May;39:86-95. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.019. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
Composting swine slurries has several advantages, liquid slurries are converted to solids at lower moisture, the total volume and weight of material is reduced and the stabilized product is more easily transported off-site. Despite this, swine waste is generally stored, treated and applied in its liquid form. High-rise finishing facilities (HRFF) permit liquid slurries to be converted to solids which are partially decomposed underneath the HRFF and then finished in compost windrows. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of turning frequency and ambient weather conditions on biological, physical and chemical properties of composted slurry-woodchip mixtures from HRFF. Compost trials were conducted in either fall (FT) or spring (ST) and piles were turned once or three times per week or upon compost temperature reaching 65°C. Physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics were measured over the course of 112 (FT) or 143 (ST) days of composting. Total carbon, total nitrogen (N) and inorganic N decreased in all piles. Ammonium decreased while nitrate increased in all piles (including unturned), but total N losses were greatest in piles turned more frequently during the ST. Microbial populations of nitrifiers were dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (3.0×10(3)-4.2×10(6)cellsg(-1) compost) but ammonia oxidizing bacteria (below detection to 6.0×10(5)cellsg(-1) compost) varied in response to turning and compost temperature; denitrifiers were present in high concentrations throughout the process. Swine HRFF materials composted well in windrows regardless of turning frequency and despite significant differences in starting materials and low initial C/N. Volume reduction, low moisture and low readily degradable organic matter suggest that the finished compost would have lower transportation costs and should provide value as a soil conditioner.
猪粪堆肥有几个优点，液体粪肥在较低湿度下转化为固体，材料的总体积和重量减少，并且稳定化产品更易于运输到场外。尽管如此，猪粪通常以液体形式储存、处理和施用。高层育肥设施（HRFF）可使液体粪肥转化为固体，这些固体在HRFF下方部分分解，然后在堆肥条垛中完成腐熟。本研究的目的是评估翻堆频率和环境天气条件对来自HRFF的堆肥粪肥-木屑混合物的生物学、物理和化学性质的影响。堆肥试验在秋季（FT）或春季（ST）进行，堆体每周翻堆一次或三次，或者在堆肥温度达到65°C时翻堆。在112天（FT）或143天（ST）的堆肥过程中测量了物理、化学和微生物特性。所有堆体中的总碳、总氮（N）和无机氮均减少。所有堆体（包括未翻堆的）中铵含量降低而硝酸盐含量增加，但在ST期间翻堆更频繁的堆体中总氮损失最大。硝化微生物种群以氨氧化古菌为主（3.0×10³-4.2×10⁶个细胞g⁻¹堆肥），但氨氧化细菌（低于检测限至6.0×10⁵个细胞g⁻¹堆肥）随翻堆和堆肥温度而变化；反硝化细菌在整个过程中都以高浓度存在。无论翻堆频率如何，猪HRFF材料在条垛中都能很好地堆肥，尽管起始材料存在显著差异且初始碳氮比低。体积减少、低湿度和低易降解有机物表明，成品堆肥的运输成本会更低，并且作为土壤改良剂应该具有价值。
