Pasqualotto Emanuele, Matuz Tamara, Federici Stefano, Ruf Carolin A, Bartl Mathias, Olivetti Belardinelli Marta, Birbaumer Niels, Halder Sebastian
Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany.
Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(10):950-7. doi: 10.1177/1545968315575611. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
Eye trackers are widely used among people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and their benefits to quality of life have been previously shown. On the contrary, Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are still quite a novel technology, which also serves as an access technology for people with severe motor impairment.
To compare a visual P300-based BCI and an eye tracker in terms of information transfer rate (ITR), usability, and cognitive workload in users with motor impairments.
Each participant performed 3 spelling tasks, over 4 total sessions, using an Internet browser, which was controlled by a spelling interface that was suitable for use with either the BCI or the eye tracker. At the end of each session, participants evaluated usability and cognitive workload of the system.
ITR and System Usability Scale (SUS) score were higher for the eye tracker (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: ITR T = 9, P = .016; SUS T = 12.50, P = .035). Cognitive workload was higher for the BCI (T = 4; P = .003).
Although BCIs could be potentially useful for people with severe physical disabilities, we showed that the usability of BCIs based on the visual P300 remains inferior to eye tracking. We suggest that future research on visual BCIs should use eye tracking-based control as a comparison to evaluate performance or focus on nonvisual paradigms for persons who have lost gaze control.
眼动仪在肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者中广泛使用，此前已证明其对生活质量有益。相反，脑机接口（BCI）仍是一项相当新颖的技术，它也可作为严重运动障碍患者的一种接入技术。
比较基于视觉P300的脑机接口和眼动仪在运动障碍用户中的信息传输率（ITR）、可用性和认知负荷。
每位参与者使用互联网浏览器进行3项拼写任务，共4次会话，由一个适合与脑机接口或眼动仪配合使用的拼写界面控制。在每次会话结束时，参与者评估系统的可用性和认知负荷。
眼动仪的信息传输率和系统可用性量表（SUS）得分更高（Wilcoxon符号秩检验：信息传输率T = 9，P = 0.016；SUS T = 12.50，P = 0.035）。脑机接口的认知负荷更高（T = 4；P = 0.003）。
尽管脑机接口对严重身体残疾患者可能有潜在用途，但我们表明基于视觉P300的脑机接口的可用性仍不如眼动追踪。我们建议未来关于视觉脑机接口的研究应使用基于眼动追踪的控制作为比较来评估性能，或者关注那些失去注视控制的人的非视觉范式。
