Oka Yuji, Shuker Shimshon, Tkachi Nadia
Nematology Unit, Gilat Research Centre, Agricultural Research Organisation, Negev, Israel.
Pest Manag Sci. 2016 Jan;72(1):57-66. doi: 10.1002/ps.4001. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
Restrictions on soil fumigants are prompting the development of new compounds for controlling nematodes, other soilborne pathogens and weeds. We evaluated the nematicidal activity of five bromine compounds against Meloidogyne javanica in vitro, and tested the two most effective ones against Pratylenchus penetrans and Xiphinema index in vitro and in soil.
Only allyl bromide and dibromo(nitro)methane showed nematicidal activity against M. javanica juveniles in vitro at <320 mg L(-1) . Allyl bromide killed M. javanica and P. penetrans at 20 mg L(-1), and X. index at 10 mg L(-1), whereas 320 mg dibromo(nitro)methane L(-1) was required to kill P. penetrans. Allyl bromide also showed higher nematicidal activity than dibromo(nitro)methane against M. javanica and P. penetrans in soil. Allyl bromide at 40 and 20 mg L(-1) soil eliminated root galls and nematode eggs on tomato roots grown in M. javanica-inoculated loess and sandy soils respectively, showing higher nematicidal activity than 1,3-dichloropropene. No P. penetrans were recovered from soil treated with 80 mg allyl bromide L(-1) soil or 320 mg dibromo(nitro)methane L(-1) soil.
Allyl bromide showed high nematicidal activity against all three nematode species, and nematicidal activity of dibromo(nitro)methane was discovered. These compounds could serve as new fumigation nematicides, pending further experiments.
对土壤熏蒸剂的限制促使人们研发用于防治线虫、其他土传病原体和杂草的新化合物。我们在体外评估了五种溴化合物对爪哇根结线虫的杀线虫活性，并在体外和土壤中测试了两种最有效的化合物对穿刺短体线虫和柑桔剑线虫的活性。
仅烯丙基溴和二溴（硝基）甲烷在<320mg L⁻¹时对爪哇根结线虫幼虫在体外显示出杀线虫活性。烯丙基溴在20mg L⁻¹时杀死爪哇根结线虫和穿刺短体线虫，在10mg L⁻¹时杀死柑桔剑线虫，而杀死穿刺短体线虫需要320mg二溴（硝基）甲烷L⁻¹。在土壤中，烯丙基溴对爪哇根结线虫和穿刺短体线虫的杀线虫活性也高于二溴（硝基）甲烷。分别在接种了爪哇根结线虫的黄土和沙质土壤中种植的番茄根上，40mg L⁻¹和20mg L⁻¹的烯丙基溴土壤消除了根瘤和线虫卵，显示出比1,3 - 二氯丙烯更高的杀线虫活性。从用80mg烯丙基溴L⁻¹土壤或320mg二溴（硝基）甲烷L⁻¹土壤处理的土壤中未回收穿刺短体线虫。
烯丙基溴对所有三种线虫均显示出高杀线虫活性，并且发现了二溴（硝基）甲烷的杀线虫活性。在进行进一步实验之前，这些化合物可作为新的熏蒸杀线虫剂。
