Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin New Zealand ; Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin New Zealand.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2015 Feb 23;8:4. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00004. eCollection 2015.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a form of synaptic plasticity that is an excellent model for the molecular mechanisms that underlie memory. LTP, like memory, is persistent, and both are widely believed to be maintained by a coordinated genomic response. Recently, a novel class of non-coding RNA, microRNA, has been implicated in the regulation of LTP. MicroRNA negatively regulate protein synthesis by binding to specific messenger RNA response elements. The aim of this review is to summarize experimental evidence for the proposal that microRNA play a major role in the regulation of LTP. We discuss a growing body of research which indicates that specific microRNA regulate synaptic proteins relevant to LTP maintenance, as well as studies that have reported differential expression of microRNA in response to LTP induction. We conclude that microRNA are ideally suited to contribute to the regulation of LTP-related gene expression; microRNA are pleiotropic, synaptically located, tightly regulated, and function in response to synaptic activity. The potential impact of microRNA on LTP maintenance as regulators of gene expression is enormous.
长时程增强（LTP）是一种突触可塑性形式，是记忆的分子机制的极佳模型。LTP 与记忆一样具有持久性，并且人们普遍认为两者都通过协调的基因组反应来维持。最近，一种新型非编码 RNA（microRNA）已被牵涉到 LTP 的调节中。microRNA 通过与特定的信使 RNA 反应元件结合来负调控蛋白质合成。本篇综述的目的是总结实验证据，以支持 microRNA 在 LTP 调节中起主要作用的假说。我们讨论了越来越多的研究表明，特定的 microRNA 调节与 LTP 维持相关的突触蛋白，以及报道 microRNA 对 LTP 诱导的反应存在差异表达的研究。我们得出结论，microRNA 非常适合参与调节与 LTP 相关的基因表达；microRNA 是多效性的、突触定位的、受严格调控的，并且可以响应突触活动发挥功能。microRNA 作为基因表达的调节剂对 LTP 维持的潜在影响是巨大的。
