Solcia E, Capella C, Fiocca R, Cornaggia M, Bosi F
University of Pavia, Italy.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1989 Dec;18(4):671-93.
Up to 16 types of endocrine cells have been characterized morphologically (and most of them also functionally) in the gastroenteropancreatic area. Four main groups of pancreatic endocrine tumors (with several subtypes) have been identified: islet cell, ectopic, nonfunctioning, and poorly differentiated tumors. A detailed classification system that combines cytologic and clinicopathologic patterns has been developed for the study of 132 pancreatic tumors. Among a large series (more than 120 cases) of endocrine tumors arising in the gastrointestinal tract, serotonin-producing argentaffin carcinoids have been separated from hindgut trabecular carcinoids, producing glucagon- and pancreatic polypeptide-related peptides, paragangliomas, somatostatin cell tumors, gastrinomas, and argyrophil ECL cell carcinoids. The clinicopathologic profile of the various pancreatic and gastrointestinal tumor entities has been delineated and involvement in the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome has been analyzed in detail.
在胃肠胰区域，已在形态学上（其中大多数也在功能上）鉴定出多达16种内分泌细胞。已确定了四类主要的胰腺内分泌肿瘤（还有几个亚型）：胰岛细胞瘤、异位肿瘤、无功能肿瘤和低分化肿瘤。已开发出一种结合细胞学和临床病理模式的详细分类系统，用于研究132例胰腺肿瘤。在一大系列（超过120例）起源于胃肠道的内分泌肿瘤中，产生5-羟色胺的嗜银类癌已与后肠小梁类癌、产生胰高血糖素和胰多肽相关肽的肿瘤、副神经节瘤、生长抑素细胞瘤、胃泌素瘤以及嗜银肠嗜铬样细胞类癌区分开来。已描述了各种胰腺和胃肠道肿瘤实体的临床病理特征，并详细分析了其与多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征的关系。
