Peter R, March S, Schröder H, du Prel J-B
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Universität Ulm, Ulm.
Institut für Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitsökonomie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2015 Apr;77(4):e70-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1398598. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
Mental diseases are highly prevalent and of increasing meaning for absenteeism. The association of absenteeism with vertical and horizontal dimensions of socioeconomic status is well-known. Against this background we investigated the independent association between mental diseases and absenteeism or long-time absenteeism of socioeconomic aspects.
Basis of this nationwide exploratory survey were the 6 339 employees born in 1959 or 1965 and subject to statutory health insurance of the first wave of the lidA-cohort study 2011. The stepwise logistic regression analysis was used for the investigation of the effects of mental diseases on absenteeism or long-term absenteeism after adjustment for education, occupational position, income, gender, age, working-time and -stress.
After adjustment for socioeconomic factors highly significant associations between mental diseases and absenteeism or even more long-term absenteeism were observed. These associations stayed significant after additional adjustment for work-related factors.
Mental diseases were independent of sociodemographic factors and work-related factors (working-time and -stress) associated with absenteeism or with long-term absenteeism. Unspecific programmes for the prevention and rehabilitation of mental diseases may contribute to the reduction of absenteeism. Apart from that causes of absenteeism in highly affected socioeconomic groups should be investigated.
精神疾病极为普遍，对旷工的影响日益显著。旷工与社会经济地位的纵向和横向维度之间的关联已为人熟知。在此背景下，我们调查了精神疾病与社会经济方面的旷工或长期旷工之间的独立关联。
这项全国性探索性调查的基础是2011年lidA队列研究第一波中出生于1959年或1965年且参加法定医疗保险的6339名员工。采用逐步逻辑回归分析来研究在对教育程度、职业地位、收入、性别、年龄、工作时间和压力进行调整后，精神疾病对旷工或长期旷工的影响。
在对社会经济因素进行调整后，观察到精神疾病与旷工甚至更长期旷工之间存在高度显著的关联。在对与工作相关的因素进行额外调整后，这些关联仍然显著。
精神疾病独立于与旷工或长期旷工相关的社会人口统计学因素和与工作相关的因素（工作时间和压力）。针对精神疾病的预防和康复的非特定计划可能有助于减少旷工。除此之外，还应调查受影响严重的社会经济群体中旷工的原因。
