el-Azouzi M, Black P M
Hôpital Brigham and Women's and Children, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine de Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Neurochirurgie. 1989;35(4):201-8.
Recently, major advances have resulted from the application of molecular biology to the understanding of central nervous system neoplasia. Schematically, two fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis have been described: the activation of oncogenes, and the inactivation of so called recessive "tumor suppressor" genes or "anti-oncogenes". The present report deals with the second mechanism. We discuss its basic concept and techniques, and illustrate it by specifc examples of recent work on brain tumors. The goal of this review is to familiarize Neurosurgeons with the terminology and techniques in this field. Molecular genetics suggest that cancer is a molecular disease which involves regulator genes. These play a major role in growth control, differentiation, and physiology. In the near future molecular biology may identify the structure of proteins coded by suppressor genes, possibly allowing a better tumor classification creating a new "genetic therapy", based on a better comprehension of the role of these genes in dividing and differentiating cells.
最近，分子生物学在中枢神经系统肿瘤形成的理解方面取得了重大进展。概括地说，肿瘤发生的两种基本机制已被描述：癌基因的激活，以及所谓隐性“肿瘤抑制”基因或“抗癌基因”的失活。本报告涉及第二种机制。我们讨论其基本概念和技术，并通过近期脑肿瘤研究的具体实例进行说明。本综述的目的是使神经外科医生熟悉该领域的术语和技术。分子遗传学表明，癌症是一种涉及调节基因的分子疾病。这些基因在生长控制、分化和生理学中起主要作用。在不久的将来，分子生物学可能会确定由抑制基因编码的蛋白质的结构，这可能基于对这些基因在细胞分裂和分化中的作用的更好理解，实现更好的肿瘤分类并创造新的“基因疗法”。
