Evaluation of the effects of Angelicae dahuricae radix on the morphology and viability of mesenchymal stem cells.

Angelicae dahuricae radix is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat various diseases in China and Korea, such as colds, headaches, rhinitis and psoriasis. Angelicae dahuricae radix has been used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antioxidant remedy. This study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of the extracts of Angelicae dahuricae radix on the morphology and viability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the gingiva. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from the gingiva were grown in the presence of Angelicae dahuricae radix at final concentrations that ranged from 0.001 to 100 µg/ml. The morphology of the cells was viewed under an inverted microscope, and the analysis of cell proliferation was performed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) on days 1, 3 and 7. The cells in the control group had spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology at days 1, 3 and 7 under optical microscopy. The shapes of the cells in 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml Angelicae dahuricae radix were similar to the shapes of the cells in the control group. The relative values of the CCK-8 assays of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ml Angelicae dahuricae radix were 102.5 ± 0.6, 133.3 ± 9.6, 148.4 ± 20.5, 147.7 ± 12.6, 132.3 ± 27.7 and 101.1 ± 4.6%, respectively, when the CCK-8 result of the control group on day 1 was considered to be 100%. There was a marginal increase in cell proliferation at 0.1 and 1 µg/ml groups at day 1; however, this did not achieve statistical significance (P=0.052). The relative values of the CCK-8 assays of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml Angelicae dahuricae radix were 96.5 ± 1.3, 89.3 ± 0.9, 90.3 ± 3.0, 84.8 ± 12.2, 92.3 ± 4.5 and 86.8 ± 11.7%, respectively, when the CCK-8 result of the control group on day 3 was considered to be 100% (P>0.05). The relative values of the CCK-8 assays of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml Angelicae dahuricae radix day 7 were 94.9 ± 22.3, 102.8 ± 22.1, 127.4 ± 7.4, 130.4 ± 1.3, 129.2 ± 10.8 and 124.8 ± 9.1%, respectively, when the CCK-8 result of the control group on day 7 was considered to be 100%, but there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P>0.05). Within the limits of this study, Angelicae dahuricae radix at the tested concentrations did not produce statistically significant differences in the viability of stem cells derived from the gingiva.