Alvarado-García Alberto, Hernández-Quijano Tomás, Hernández-Valencia Marcelino, Negrín-Pérez Miriam Concepción, Ríos-Castillo Brendha, Valencia-Pérez Gregorio Urbano, Vital-Reyes Víctor Saúl, Basavilvazo-Rodríguez María Antonia, Torres-Arreola Laura Pilar, Ortiz-Luna Guillermo Federico, Sánchez-Aguirre Fernando, Montaño-Uscanga Armando
Asociación Mexicana para el Estudio del Climaterio, Distrito Federal, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2015 Mar-Apr;53(2):214-25.
Post-menopause is the period of life where a deep decline occurs in circulating estrogen levels, inducing the appearance of psycho and somatic symptoms. The classification to understand the chronology of reproductive aging in women (known as STRAW) determines the clinical and endocrine changes contemplating menstrual cycles, symptoms, measurements of FSH, LH, inhibin B, anti-Mullerian hormone , and follicular account. The diagnosis of menopause is established by the absence of menstruation for 12 months or more. The most frequent clinical manifestations of the climacteric syndrome transition to menopause are menstrual disorders, vasomotor symptoms (flushes and/or sweats) and genitourinary manifestations. The assessment of women in the peri- or postmenopause aims to develop: cervicovaginal cytology , lipid profile , serum glucose, basal Mammography at least a year before, pelvic ultrasound, urinalysis, serum TSH, Densitometry in patients older than 60 years if there is no recourse can be applied and FRAX. Drug therapy for the treatment of disorders of the transition to menopause or menopause is divided into: hormone therapy (HT) based estrogens and progestin hormone not being the most recommended the serotonin reuptake inhibitors and norepinephrine, clonidine, gabapentin or veralipride.
绝经后期是指循环雌激素水平大幅下降、导致出现心理和躯体症状的生命阶段。用于理解女性生殖衰老时间顺序的分类方法（称为STRAW）确定了考虑月经周期、症状、促卵泡生成素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、抑制素B、抗苗勒管激素及卵泡计数等指标的临床和内分泌变化。绝经的诊断依据是停经12个月或更长时间。更年期综合征向绝经转变最常见的临床表现是月经紊乱、血管舒缩症状（潮热和/或盗汗）以及泌尿生殖系统表现。对围绝经期或绝经后期女性的评估旨在开展：宫颈阴道细胞学检查、血脂谱、血糖、至少提前一年进行的基础乳房X线摄影、盆腔超声检查、尿液分析、血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、60岁以上患者若无法采用其他方法则进行骨密度测定以及骨折风险评估工具（FRAX）。用于治疗向绝经或绝经转变期疾病的药物治疗分为：激素疗法（HT），基于雌激素和孕激素，但并非最推荐的疗法；5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和去甲肾上腺素、可乐定、加巴喷丁或维拉必利。
