Walsh Kate, Galea Sandro, Koenen Karestan C
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.
Clin Psychol (New York). 2012 Sep;19(3):260-275. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12004.
Sexual violence is associated with a range of negative mental health and behavioral sequelae, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, substance abuse/dependence, risky sexual behavior, and interpersonal relationship problems. However, mechanisms underlying these associations are not well understood. Identifying mechanisms that explain linkages between sexual violence and poor outcomes is of paramount importance in determining when and how to intervene to prevent or reduce the magnitude of these outcomes. This review focuses on theories that have been proposed to explain risk of negative outcomes among sexual violence victims, including the development of traumagenic dynamics and emotion dysregulation. We also review promising biological mechanisms that may explain the risk of negative outcomes among sexual violence victims, including studies concerned with epigenetic and neurobiological mechanisms.
性暴力与一系列负面心理健康和行为后果相关，包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、抑郁、药物滥用/依赖、危险性行为以及人际关系问题。然而，这些关联背后的机制尚未得到充分理解。确定解释性暴力与不良后果之间联系的机制，对于决定何时以及如何进行干预以预防或减少这些后果的严重程度至关重要。本综述聚焦于已提出的用以解释性暴力受害者出现负面后果风险的理论，包括创伤性动态发展和情绪失调。我们还综述了可能解释性暴力受害者出现负面后果风险的有前景的生物学机制，包括与表观遗传和神经生物学机制相关的研究。
