From the Centre for Cancer Imaging (M.S.H., W.F.E.L., R.J.H.) and Neuroendocrine Tumour Service (M.S.H., R.J.H.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3002; and Departments of Medicine (M.S.H., R.J.H.) and Radiology (W.F.E.L., R.J.H.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Radiographics. 2015 Mar-Apr;35(2):500-16. doi: 10.1148/rg.352140164.
Gallium 68 ((68)Ga) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-octreotate (DOTATATE, GaTate) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique for detecting and characterizing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). GaTate, a somatostatin analog, has recently been accorded orphan drug status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, thereby increasing interest in and availability of this radiotracer. GaTate PET/CT allows whole-body imaging of cell surface expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and is rapidly evolving as the new imaging standard of reference for the detection and characterization of NETs. The authors discuss the normal appearance at GaTate PET/CT and the utility of this modality in a variety of these tumors, including gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and bronchial NETs as well as pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, meningioma, and oncogenic osteomalacia. In addition, they discuss potential causes of false-positive findings, including pancreatic uncinate process activity, inflammation, osteoblastic activity, and splenosis. They also highlight the complementary role of 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET/CT, including the advantages of using both GaTate PET/CT and FDG PET/CT to evaluate sites of well- and poorly differentiated disease. The use of GaTate PET/CT together with FDG PET/CT allows identification of tumor heterogeneity, which provides prognostic information and can be pivotal in guiding biopsy. It also allows optimal patient management, including theranostic application of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and the restaging of patients following therapy.
镓 68 ((68)Ga) 1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸（DOTA）-奥曲肽（DOTATATE，GaTate）正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/计算机断层扫描（CT）是一种用于检测和表征神经内分泌肿瘤（NETs）的成像技术。GaTate，一种生长抑素类似物，最近被美国食品和药物管理局授予孤儿药地位，从而增加了对这种放射性示踪剂的兴趣和可用性。GaTate PET/CT 允许对生长抑素受体（SSTRs）的细胞表面表达进行全身成像，并且作为 NETs 的检测和特征的新成像标准正在迅速发展。作者讨论了 GaTate PET/CT 的正常表现以及该模态在各种肿瘤中的应用，包括胃肠道、胰腺和支气管 NETs 以及嗜铬细胞瘤、副神经节瘤、脑膜瘤和致癌性骨软化症。此外，他们还讨论了假阳性发现的潜在原因，包括胰腺钩突活动、炎症、成骨细胞活性和脾组织异位。他们还强调了 2-[氟-18]氟-2-脱氧-d-葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT 的互补作用，包括使用 GaTate PET/CT 和 FDG PET/CT 评估良恶性疾病部位的优势。GaTate PET/CT 与 FDG PET/CT 的联合使用可以识别肿瘤异质性，提供预后信息，并在指导活检方面具有关键作用。它还可以实现最佳的患者管理，包括肽受体放射性核素治疗的治疗应用，以及治疗后患者的再分期。
