Campanella Daniela, Hughes Lily C, Unmack Peter J, Bloom Devin D, Piller Kyle R, Ortí Guillermo
Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australia.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2015 May;86:8-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
Phylogenetic relationships among families within the order Atheriniformes have been difficult to resolve on the basis of morphological evidence. Molecular studies so far have been fragmentary and based on a small number taxa and loci. In this study, we provide a new phylogenetic hypothesis based on sequence data collected for eight molecular markers for a representative sample of 103 atheriniform species, covering 2/3 of the genera in this order. The phylogeny is calibrated with six carefully chosen fossil taxa to provide an explicit timeframe for the diversification of this group. Our results support the subdivision of Atheriniformes into two suborders (Atherinopsoidei and Atherinoidei), the nesting of Notocheirinae within Atherinopsidae, and the monophyly of tribe Menidiini, among others. We propose taxonomic changes for Atherinopsoidei, but a few weakly supported nodes in our phylogeny suggests that further study is necessary to support a revised taxonomy of Atherinoidei. The time-calibrated phylogeny was used to infer ancestral habitat reconstructions to explain the current distribution of marine and freshwater taxa. Based on these results, the current distribution of Atheriniformes is likely due to widespread marine dispersal along the margins of continents, infrequent trans-oceanic dispersal, and repeated invasion of freshwater habitats. This conclusion is supported by post-Gondwanan divergence times among families within the order, and a high probability of a marine ancestral habitat.
基于形态学证据，银汉鱼目各科之间的系统发育关系一直难以确定。到目前为止，分子研究还不完整，且基于少数分类单元和基因座。在本研究中，我们基于为103种银汉鱼目代表性样本收集的8个分子标记的序列数据，提出了一个新的系统发育假说，该样本涵盖了该目2/3的属。系统发育通过六个精心挑选的化石分类单元进行校准，以提供该类群多样化的明确时间框架。我们的结果支持将银汉鱼目分为两个亚目（拟银汉鱼亚目和银汉鱼亚目），Notocheirinae亚科嵌套在银汉鱼科内，以及Menidiini族的单系性等。我们提议对拟银汉鱼亚目进行分类学修订，但我们系统发育中的一些支持较弱的节点表明，需要进一步研究以支持修订后的银汉鱼亚目分类法。时间校准的系统发育被用于推断祖先栖息地重建，以解释海洋和淡水分类单元的当前分布。基于这些结果，银汉鱼目的当前分布可能是由于沿大陆边缘的广泛海洋扩散、不频繁的跨洋扩散以及对淡水栖息地的反复入侵。这一结论得到了该目各科之间冈瓦纳大陆解体后的分歧时间以及海洋祖先栖息地的高概率的支持。
