Calomeni Alyssa J, Iwinski Kyla J, Kinley Ciera M, McQueen Andrew, Rodgers John H
School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA.
School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0001, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Jun;116:90-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
To make informed decisions regarding management of noxious algal growths, water resource managers require information on responses of target and non-target species to algaecide exposures. Periodic treatments of Phycomycin®-SCP (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate) followed by Algimycin®-PWF (gluconate and citrate chelated copper) to control Lyngbya wollei growths for ten years provided an opportunity for a risk evaluation of treated coves in Lay Lake, AL. Abiotic sediment characteristics (acid soluble copper concentrations, acid volatile sulfides, percent organic matter and cation exchange capacity) and survival of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus were measured in sediment samples from treated and untreated coves to assess the bioavailability of potential copper-residuals. In laboratory studies to seek a more effective approach for managing the growth of Lyngbya, six algaecide treatments consisting of combinations of copper-based algaecides (Cutrine®-Ultra, Clearigate® and Algimycin®- PWF), a hydrogen peroxide based algaecide (Phycomycin®-SCP) and an adjuvant (Cide-Kick II) were assessed for efficacy in controlling L. wollei sampled from Lay Lake. The most efficient algaecide treatment was determined based on post-treatment algal wet weight and visual observations of responses to exposures. To estimate the margin of safety for non-target organisms, Pimephales promelas was exposed to the most efficacious treatment and a treatment of Phycomycin®-SCP followed by Algimycin®-PWF. Results from sediment experiments demonstrated that there were no measureable copper residuals and no adverse effects on H. azteca and C. dilutus from sediments following ten years of copper-based algaecide treatments. Based on the laboratory results, a treatment of Phycomycin®-SCP at 10.1 mg H2O2/L followed by Cide-Kick II at 0.2 mg/L and Algimycin®- PWF at 0.26 mg Cu/L could control the growth of Lyngbya wollei from Lay Lake, AL and enhance the margin of safety for non-target species (e.g. P. promelas).
为了在有害藻类生长管理方面做出明智决策，水资源管理者需要了解目标物种和非目标物种对除藻剂暴露的反应信息。在阿拉巴马州莱伊湖，对林氏藻生长进行了为期十年的定期处理，先用Phycomycin®-SCP（过碳酸钠），再用Algimycin®-PWF（葡萄糖酸盐和柠檬酸盐螯合铜），这为评估处理过的海湾的风险提供了机会。在处理过和未处理过的海湾的沉积物样本中，测量了非生物沉积物特征（酸溶性铜浓度、酸挥发性硫化物、有机质百分比和阳离子交换容量）以及阿兹特克长跗摇蚊和稀释摇蚊的存活率，以评估潜在铜残留的生物有效性。在实验室研究中，为了寻找更有效的管理林氏藻生长的方法，评估了六种除藻剂处理方法，这些方法由铜基除藻剂（Cutrine®-Ultra、Clearigate®和Algimycin®-PWF）、过氧化氢基除藻剂（Phycomycin®-SCP）和一种助剂（Cide-Kick II）的组合组成，以评估其对从莱伊湖采集的林氏藻的控制效果。根据处理后藻类的湿重和对暴露反应的目视观察，确定了最有效的除藻剂处理方法。为了估计非目标生物的安全边际，将黑头软口鲦暴露于最有效的处理方法以及先用Phycomycin®-SCP再用Algimycin®-PWF的处理方法中。沉积物实验结果表明，经过十年的铜基除藻剂处理后，沉积物中没有可测量的铜残留，对阿兹特克长跗摇蚊和稀释摇蚊也没有不利影响。根据实验室结果，以10.1 mg H2O2/L的Phycomycin®-SCP处理，随后以0.2 mg/L的Cide-Kick II和0.26 mg Cu/L的Algimycin®-PWF处理，可以控制阿拉巴马州莱伊湖林氏藻的生长，并提高非目标物种（如黑头软口鲦）的安全边际。
