Schiroli Davide, Peracchi Alessio
Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Sep;1854(9):1200-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.02.023. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
The present review focuses on a subfamily of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, belonging to the broader fold-type I structural group and whose archetypes can be considered ornithine δ-transaminase and γ-aminobutyrate transaminase. These proteins were originally christened "subgroup-II aminotransferases" (AT-II) but are very often referred to as "class-III aminotransferases". As names suggest, the subgroup includes mainly transaminases, with just a few interesting exceptions. However, at variance with most other PLP-dependent enzymes, catalysts in this subfamily seem specialized at utilizing substrates whose amino function is not adjacent to a carboxylate group. AT-II enzymes are widespread in biology and play mostly catabolic roles. Furthermore, today several transaminases in this group are being used as bioorganic tools for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines. We present an overview of the biochemical and structural features of these enzymes, illustrating how they are distinctive and how they compare with those of the other fold-type I enzymes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cofactor-dependent proteins: evolution, chemical diversity and bio-applications.
本综述聚焦于磷酸吡哆醛（PLP）依赖性酶的一个亚家族，该亚家族属于更广泛的I型折叠结构组，其原型可认为是鸟氨酸δ-转氨酶和γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶。这些蛋白质最初被命名为“II亚组转氨酶”（AT-II），但现在常被称为“III类转氨酶”。顾名思义，该亚组主要包括转氨酶，只有少数有趣的例外。然而，与大多数其他PLP依赖性酶不同，该亚家族中的催化剂似乎专门用于利用氨基功能不与羧基相邻的底物。AT-II酶在生物学中广泛存在，主要发挥分解代谢作用。此外，如今该组中的几种转氨酶正被用作手性胺不对称合成的生物有机工具。我们概述了这些酶的生化和结构特征，阐明了它们的独特之处以及与其他I型折叠酶的比较。本文是名为：辅因子依赖性蛋白质：进化、化学多样性和生物应用的特刊的一部分。
