Haas N, Lobenhoffer P
Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl II Verh Dtsch Ges Chir. 1989:407-13.
The stability of the knee joint is ensured by dynamic and static structures. The most important medial structures are the medial collateral ligament, medial capsular ligament, posterior oblique ligament, semimembranous muscle, and the pes anserinus group. The main supportive structures on the lateral side include the iliotibial band, lateral collateral ligament, lateral capsular ligament, popliteal tendon, arcuate ligament, and the biceps muscle. The cruciate ligament pillar is the center of rotation. The classification of knee instability requires new orientation that places the main emphasis on the translation of the joint compartments and the description of the injured structures.
膝关节的稳定性由动态和静态结构来保证。最重要的内侧结构包括内侧副韧带、内侧关节囊韧带、后斜韧带、半膜肌和鹅足肌群。外侧的主要支撑结构包括髂胫束、外侧副韧带、外侧关节囊韧带、腘肌腱、弓状韧带和股二头肌。交叉韧带柱是旋转中心。膝关节不稳定的分类需要新的定位，主要强调关节腔的平移和损伤结构的描述。
