Fulkerson J P, Gossling H R
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980 Nov-Dec(153):183-8.
Dissections of the fiber orientation and interconnections of the lateral knee retinacula in 23 cadaver knees and one fresh knee demonstrate a superficial, oblique retinacular ligament running from fascia lata to patella. Deep to this structure are a separate distinct transverse band to the patella, an epicondylopatellar and a patellotibial band. Awareness of these distinct structures should be helpful to the surgeon performing a lateral retinacular release. The lateral knee retinaculum is oriented longitudinally with the knee extended. In view of this, there is little to support the lateral tibial plateau posteriorly once the anterior cruciate ligament has been torn. The fabellofibular ligament gives minimal supportive strength to the posterolateral corner. The lateral knee has two distinct functional layers. The outer layer consists of superficial and deep retinacular fibers, iliotibial band, lateral collateral, biceps tendon, and fabellofibular ligament; these are the main restaining, retinacular structures of the lateral knee. Deep to these structures lie the popliteus tendon, the true joint capsule, and synovium which have little ability to prevent anterolateral rotatory instability once the anterior cruciate ligament has been disrupted. The term "lateral capsular ligament" is anatomically incorrect, and specific retinacular structures should be designated in describing the lateral knee.
对23具尸体膝关节和1具新鲜膝关节的外侧膝支持带的纤维方向和连接进行解剖，发现有一条从阔筋膜延伸至髌骨的浅斜支持带韧带。在该结构的深层，有一条单独的、明显的至髌骨的横向带、一条髁髌带和一条髌胫带。了解这些不同的结构对外侧支持带松解手术的外科医生应有所帮助。膝关节伸直时，外侧膝支持带呈纵向排列。鉴于此，一旦前交叉韧带撕裂，胫骨外侧平台后部几乎没有支撑。腓肠豆腓侧韧带对后外侧角的支撑力极小。外侧膝有两个不同的功能层。外层由浅、深支持带纤维、髂胫束、外侧副韧带、股二头肌肌腱和腓肠豆腓侧韧带组成；这些是外侧膝的主要约束、支持结构。在这些结构的深层是腘肌腱、真正的关节囊和滑膜，一旦前交叉韧带断裂，它们几乎没有能力防止前外侧旋转不稳定。术语“外侧关节囊韧带”在解剖学上是不正确的，在描述外侧膝时应指定特定的支持带结构。
