Farthmann E H, Kirste G, Ruf G
Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Freiburg.
Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl II Verh Dtsch Ges Chir. 1989:693-6.
Early rectal carcinoma of the lower rectum without involvement of the muscularis propria should be considered for local treatment. Factors indicating a poor prognosis can be identified histologically by "total biopsy". Definitive management depends on the postoperative tumor stage, type, histologic grading, lymphatic invasion and incomplete surgical excision. Survival rates after limited procedures or radical surgery do not differ, provided that clinical and histologic criteria are observed.
低位直肠早期癌若未累及固有肌层，应考虑局部治疗。通过“全层活检”可在组织学上确定提示预后不良的因素。确切的治疗方案取决于术后肿瘤分期、类型、组织学分级、淋巴浸润及手术切除是否完整。只要遵循临床和组织学标准，有限手术或根治性手术后的生存率并无差异。
