De Pero R, Cibelli G, Cortis C, Sbriccoli P, Capranica L, Piacentini M F
Department of Human Movement and Sport Science, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Roma, Italy -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015 Mar 18.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the stress--related changes of a TeamGym competition considering both physiological [i.e. salivary cortisol (sC) and alpha--amylase (sAA)] and psychological (i.e. state anxiety) responses in relation to exercise intensity and competition outcomes.
Eleven (5 males and 6 females) elite TeamGym athletes (age: 21--28 yrs) were administered the State--Trait Anxiety Inventory before an official international TeamGym competition. sAA and sC samples were collected 15 minutes prior to competition, after each apparatus, 10--min and 30--min after competition. Exercise intensity was estimated by heart rate (HR) recording and performance was evaluated by three international judges. All these parameters were correlated with competition outcomes.
TeamGym competition posed a low exercise load (most of exercise was performed below 85% of the individual HR max ). Significant increases (P<0.004) in sAA (3.53 fold induction) and state anxiety (P=0.045) were observed, with respect to baseline values. Conversely, sC remained stable throughout the competition. Significant (P=0.029) correlation between sAA, state anxiety and competition outcomes emerged.
Present findings provide the first evidence that the psycho--physiological stress response prior to and during competition can affect performance outcome, especially in a technical sport such as TeamGym.
本研究旨在探讨团体体操比赛中与压力相关的变化，同时考虑生理反应（即唾液皮质醇[sC]和α-淀粉酶[sAA]）和心理反应（即状态焦虑）与运动强度和比赛结果的关系。
11名（5名男性和6名女性）精英团体体操运动员（年龄：21-28岁）在一场官方国际团体体操比赛前接受了状态-特质焦虑量表测试。在比赛前15分钟、每个器械项目后、比赛后10分钟和30分钟采集sAA和sC样本。通过心率（HR）记录估算运动强度，并由三名国际裁判评估表现。所有这些参数都与比赛结果相关。
团体体操比赛的运动负荷较低（大部分运动强度低于个体最大心率的85%）。与基线值相比，观察到sAA显著增加（P<0.004，诱导3.53倍）和状态焦虑增加（P=0.045）。相反，sC在整个比赛过程中保持稳定。sAA、状态焦虑与比赛结果之间出现显著相关性（P=0.029）。
目前的研究结果首次证明，比赛前和比赛期间的心理-生理应激反应会影响比赛成绩，尤其是在团体体操这样的技术性运动项目中。
