Scott Colleen, Kirking Hannah L, Jeffries Carla, Price Sandy F, Pratt Robert
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Mar 20;64(10):265-9.
In 2014, a total of 9,412 new tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported in the United States, with an incidence rate of 3.0* cases per 100,000 persons, a decrease of 2.2% from 2013. Although overall numbers of TB cases and rates continue to decline, the percentage decrease in rate is the smallest decrease in over a decade (1). This report summarizes provisional TB surveillance data reported to CDC's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System for 2014. TB cases and rates decreased among U.S.-born persons, and although the case rate also decreased among foreign-born persons, there was an increase in total number of cases among foreign-born persons. The rate among foreign-born persons in the United States in 2014 was 13.4 times higher than among U.S.-born persons. Racial/ethnic minorities continue to be disproportionately affected by TB within the United States. Asians continue to be the racial/ethnic group with the largest number of TB cases. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, the TB rate among Asians was 28.5 times higher, whereas rates among non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics were each eight times higher. Four states (California, Texas, New York, and Florida), representing approximately one third of the U.S. population, accounted for half of all TB cases reported in 2014. Continued progress toward TB elimination in the United States will require focused TB control efforts among populations and in geographic areas with disproportionate burdens of TB.
2014年,美国共报告了9412例新发结核病病例,发病率为每10万人3.0例,较2013年下降了2.2%。尽管结核病病例总数和发病率持续下降,但发病率的下降百分比是十年来最小的降幅(1)。本报告总结了向美国疾病控制与预防中心国家结核病监测系统报告的2014年结核病临时监测数据。在美国出生的人群中,结核病病例数和发病率均有所下降,虽然外国出生人群中的发病率也有所下降,但外国出生人群中的病例总数有所增加。2014年,美国外国出生人群中的发病率比美国出生人群高13.4倍。在美国,少数族裔受结核病影响的比例仍然过高。亚洲人仍然是结核病病例数最多的种族/族裔群体。与非西班牙裔白人相比,亚洲人的结核病发病率高28.5倍,而非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔的发病率均高8倍。四个州(加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州、纽约州和佛罗里达州)约占美国人口的三分之一,却占了2014年报告的所有结核病病例的一半。要在美国继续朝着消除结核病取得进展,就需要在结核病负担过重的人群和地理区域集中开展结核病防治工作。