Barton N H, Servedio M R
Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1, A-3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Coker Hall CB# 3280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599.
Evolution. 2015 May;69(5):1101-12. doi: 10.1111/evo.12641. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Evolutionary biologists have an array of powerful theoretical techniques that can accurately predict changes in the genetic composition of populations. Changes in gene frequencies and genetic associations between loci can be tracked as they respond to a wide variety of evolutionary forces. However, it is often less clear how to decompose these various forces into components that accurately reflect the underlying biology. Here, we present several issues that arise in the definition and interpretation of selection and selection coefficients, focusing on insights gained through the examination of selection coefficients in multilocus notation. Using this notation, we discuss how its flexibility-which allows different biological units to be identified as targets of selection-is reflected in the interpretation of the coefficients that the notation generates. In many situations, it can be difficult to agree on whether loci can be considered to be under "direct" versus "indirect" selection, or to quantify this selection. We present arguments for what the terms direct and indirect selection might best encompass, considering a range of issues, from viability and sexual selection to kin selection. We show how multilocus notation can discriminate between direct and indirect selection, and describe when it can do so.
进化生物学家拥有一系列强大的理论技术，这些技术能够准确预测种群基因组成的变化。基因频率的变化以及基因座之间的遗传关联在它们对各种各样的进化力量作出反应时能够被追踪。然而，通常不太清楚如何将这些不同的力量分解成能够准确反映潜在生物学现象的组成部分。在这里，我们提出了在选择和选择系数的定义及解释中出现的几个问题，重点关注通过多基因座表示法中选择系数的检验所获得的见解。使用这种表示法，我们讨论其灵活性——它允许将不同的生物学单位识别为选择的目标——如何在该表示法所产生的系数的解释中得到体现。在许多情况下，对于基因座是否可以被认为处于“直接”与“间接”选择之下，或者对这种选择进行量化，可能很难达成一致。考虑从生存能力和性选择到亲缘选择等一系列问题，我们提出了关于直接选择和间接选择这两个术语可能最能涵盖的内容的观点。我们展示了多基因座表示法如何区分直接选择和间接选择，并描述了它何时能够做到这一点。
