International Research Center for River Basin Environment, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Jul 1;520:32-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.034. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
The present study aimed to determine the differences in the behaviors of four F-specific RNA (F-RNA) coliphage genogroups (GI-GIV) during wastewater treatment. Raw sewage, aeration tank effluent, secondary-treated sewage, and return activated sludge were collected from a wastewater treatment plant in Japan at monthly intervals between March and December 2011 (n=10 each). F-specific coliphages were detected by plaque assay in all tested samples, with a concentration ranging from -0.10 to 3.66 log10 plaque-forming units/ml. Subsequently, eight plaques were isolated from each sample, followed by genogroup-specific reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (qPCR) for F-RNA coliphages and qPCR for F-specific DNA (F-DNA) coliphages. GI F-RNA coliphages were the most abundant in the secondary-treated sewage samples (73% of the plaque isolates), while GII F-RNA coliphages were the most abundant in the other three sample types (41-81%, depending on sample type). Based on the results of the quantification and genotyping, the annual mean concentrations of each F-specific coliphage type were calculated, and their reduction ratios during wastewater treatment were compared with those of indicator bacteria (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) and enteric viruses (human adenoviruses and GI and GII noroviruses). The mean reduction ratio of GI F-RNA coliphages was the lowest (0.93 log10), followed by those of the indicator bacteria and enteric viruses (1.59-2.43 log10), GII-GIV F-RNA coliphages (>2.60-3.21 log10), and F-DNA coliphages (>3.41 log10). These results suggest that GI F-RNA coliphages may be used as an appropriate indicator of virus reduction during wastewater treatment.
本研究旨在确定四种 F 型 RNA（F-RNA）噬菌体基因组群（GI-GIV）在废水处理过程中的行为差异。2011 年 3 月至 12 月期间，每月从日本一家污水处理厂采集原始污水、曝气池出水、二级处理污水和回流活性污泥（n=10）。所有测试样本均通过噬菌斑法检测到 F 型噬菌体，浓度范围为-0.10 至 3.66 log10 噬菌斑形成单位/ml。随后，从每个样本中分离出 8 个噬菌斑，然后进行 F-RNA 噬菌体的基因特异性逆转录定量 PCR（qPCR）和 F 型 DNA（F-DNA）噬菌体的 qPCR。GI F-RNA 噬菌体在二级处理污水样本中最为丰富（占噬菌斑分离物的 73%），而 GII F-RNA 噬菌体在其他三种样本类型中最为丰富（41-81%，取决于样本类型）。根据定量和基因分型的结果，计算了每种 F 型噬菌体的年平均浓度，并将其在废水处理过程中的减少率与指示菌（总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌）和肠道病毒（人腺病毒和 GI 和 GII 诺如病毒）进行了比较。GI F-RNA 噬菌体的平均减少率最低（0.93 log10），其次是指示菌和肠道病毒（1.59-2.43 log10）、GII-GIV F-RNA 噬菌体（>2.60-3.21 log10）和 F-DNA 噬菌体（>3.41 log10）。这些结果表明，GI F-RNA 噬菌体可用作废水处理过程中病毒减少的适当指标。
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