Minematsu Akira
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakaturagi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan.
J Jpn Phys Ther Assoc. 2007;10(1):27-31. doi: 10.1298/jjpta.10.27.
The aim of this study was to investigate the actual situation of low back pain (LBP) prevention in care workers with questionnaires, and this data were used to clarify and decrease LBP factors. Subjects were 52 care workers (30.7 ± 10.0 years old) in a nursing home who filled out two kinds of questionnaires about LBP, one about the prevalence of LBP (QN1) and the other about LBP control measures (QN2). They had either license of certified care worker, 1st or 2nd class care worker. The data were collected for the purpose of finding differences in age and career (QN1) and differences in LBP control measures (QN2) between subjects with and without LBP. The average career of the subjects was 19.1 ± 12.5 months, and the prevalence of LBP among them was 46.2% (24 care workers), of which 66.7% began having LBP after starting work as care workers. Moreover, 75.0% of these subjects began having LBP within a year after starting work. Further, of the 24 care workers with LBP, 66.7% reported constantly experiencing LBP. The major risk factors given for LBP in care work were transfer, the replacement of diapers, and movement in a half-sitting posture. Compared with LBP subjects, rates of taking preventative steps in the non-LBP group were low. More than 80% of the subjects with LBP engaged in prevention methods such as using body mechanics, learning the proper way to perform care activities, using LBP support belts, and increasing their skills and knowledge with regard to their job responsibilities. Most subjects began to engage in such prevention methods after the onset of LBP. The results of this investigation indicated that most subjects did not engage in measures to counter their LBP until after it had already started, and that they selected prevention methods which were easy to perform and effective. It is important for care workers to learn the best ways to inhibit pain and prevent the occurrence, or recurrence, of LBP. It is necessary for physical therapists to grasp the actual situation of LBP prevention as an occupational disease and to educate this.
本研究旨在通过问卷调查来调查护理人员预防腰痛（LBP）的实际情况，并利用这些数据来明确和减少导致腰痛的因素。研究对象为一家养老院的52名护理人员（年龄30.7±10.0岁），他们填写了两种关于腰痛的问卷，一种是关于腰痛患病率的问卷（QN1），另一种是关于腰痛控制措施的问卷（QN2）。他们拥有护理员、一级或二级护理员证书。收集这些数据的目的是找出有腰痛和无腰痛的研究对象在年龄和工作年限方面的差异（QN1）以及在腰痛控制措施方面的差异（QN2）。研究对象的平均工作年限为19.1±12.5个月，其中腰痛患病率为46.2%（24名护理人员），其中66.7%的人在开始从事护理工作后开始出现腰痛。此外，这些研究对象中有75.0%在开始工作后一年内开始出现腰痛。此外，在24名有腰痛的护理人员中，66.7%的人报告持续经历腰痛。护理工作中导致腰痛的主要风险因素是搬运、更换尿布以及半坐姿移动。与有腰痛的研究对象相比，无腰痛组采取预防措施的比例较低。超过80%的有腰痛的研究对象采取了诸如运用身体力学、学习正确的护理活动操作方法、使用腰痛支撑带以及增加与工作职责相关的技能和知识等预防方法。大多数研究对象在腰痛发作后才开始采取此类预防方法。本次调查结果表明，大多数研究对象在腰痛已经发作后才采取应对措施，并且他们选择了易于实施且有效的预防方法。对于护理人员来说，学习抑制疼痛以及预防腰痛发生或复发的最佳方法非常重要。物理治疗师有必要掌握作为职业病的腰痛预防的实际情况并进行相关教育。
