Gonçalves M, Peralta A R, Monteiro Ferreira J, Guilleminault Christian
a Centro de Medicina do Sono, Hospital Cuf Porto , Porto , Portugal.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(7):677-83. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1013535.
Sleepiness is considered to be a leading cause of crashes. Despite the huge amount of information collected in questionnaire studies, only some are based on representative samples of the population. Specifics of the populations studied hinder the generalization of these previous findings. For the Portuguese population, data from sleep-related car crashes/near misses and sleepiness while driving are missing. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of near-miss and nonfatal motor vehicle crashes related to sleepiness in a representative sample of Portuguese drivers.
Structured phone interviews regarding sleepiness and sleep-related crashes and near misses, driving habits, demographic data, and sleep quality were conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep apnea risk using the Berlin questionnaire. A multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the associations with sleepy driving (feeling sleepy or falling asleep while driving) and sleep-related near misses and crashes.
Nine hundred subjects, representing the Portuguese population of drivers, were included; 3.1% acknowledged falling asleep while driving during the previous year and 0.67% recalled sleepiness-related crashes. Higher education, driving more than 15,000 km/year, driving more frequently between 12:00 a.m. and 6 a.m., fewer years of having a driver's license, less total sleep time per night, and higher scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were all independently associated with sleepy driving. Sleepiness-related crashes and near misses were associated only with falling asleep at the wheel in the previous year. Sleep-related crashes occurred more frequently in drivers who had also had sleep-related near misses.
Portugal has lower self-reported sleepiness at the wheel and sleep-related near misses than most other countries where epidemiological data are available. Different population characteristics and cultural, social, and road safety specificities may be involved in these discrepancies. Despite this, Portuguese drivers report sleep-related crashes in frequencies similar to those of drivers in other countries.
嗜睡被认为是撞车事故的主要原因。尽管问卷调查研究收集了大量信息，但只有一些是基于具有代表性的人群样本。所研究人群的具体情况妨碍了这些先前研究结果的推广。对于葡萄牙人群，缺乏与睡眠相关的汽车撞车事故/险些相撞事故以及驾驶时嗜睡情况的数据。本研究的目的是确定在葡萄牙驾驶员的代表性样本中，与嗜睡相关的险些相撞事故和非致命机动车撞车事故的发生率。
使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数进行关于嗜睡、与睡眠相关的撞车事故和险些相撞事故、驾驶习惯、人口统计学数据以及睡眠质量的结构化电话访谈，并使用柏林问卷评估睡眠呼吸暂停风险。采用多变量回归分析来确定与困倦驾驶（驾驶时感到困倦或入睡）以及与睡眠相关的险些相撞事故和撞车事故之间的关联。
纳入了代表葡萄牙驾驶员人群的900名受试者；3.1%的人承认前一年在驾驶时睡着过，0.67%的人回忆起与嗜睡相关的撞车事故。高等教育程度、每年驾驶超过15000公里、在凌晨12点至早上6点之间驾驶更频繁、持有驾照的年限较少、每晚总睡眠时间较短以及埃普沃思嗜睡量表（ESS）得分较高均与困倦驾驶独立相关。与嗜睡相关的撞车事故和险些相撞事故仅与前一年在驾驶时睡着有关。与睡眠相关的撞车事故在也有与睡眠相关的险些相撞事故的驾驶员中更频繁发生。
与大多数有流行病学数据的其他国家相比，葡萄牙驾驶员自我报告的驾驶时嗜睡情况以及与睡眠相关的险些相撞事故发生率较低。这些差异可能涉及不同的人群特征以及文化、社会和道路安全特殊性。尽管如此，葡萄牙驾驶员报告的与睡眠相关的撞车事故发生率与其他国家的驾驶员相似。
