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Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2015 Jan-Mar;763:86-102. doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.06.003. Epub 2014 Jul 12.
Much progress has been made in reducing the pollutants emitted from various combustors (including diesel engines and power plants) by the use of alternative fuels; however, much more progress is needed. Not only must researchers improve fuels and combustors, but also there is a need to improve the toxicology testing and analytical chemistry methods associated with these complex mixtures. Emissions from many alternative carbonaceous fuels are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Depending on their source and derivation, alternative carbonaceous fuels before combustion may or may not be genotoxic; however, in order to know their genotoxicity, appropriate chemical analysis and/or bioassay must be performed. Newly developed fuels and combustors must be tested to determine if they provide a public health advantage over existing technologies - including what tradeoffs can be expected (e.g., decreasing levels of PAHs versus increasing levels of NOx and possibly nitroarenes in ambient air). Another need is to improve exposure estimations which presently are a weak link in doing risk analyses.
通过使用替代燃料，已经在减少各种燃烧器（包括柴油机和发电厂）排放的污染物方面取得了很大进展；然而，还需要取得更多进展。研究人员不仅必须改进燃料和燃烧器，还需要改进与这些复杂混合物相关的毒理学测试和分析化学方法。许多替代含碳燃料的排放物具有致突变性和致癌性。替代含碳燃料在燃烧前可能具有遗传毒性，也可能不具有遗传毒性，具体取决于其来源和衍生方式；然而，为了了解其遗传毒性，必须进行适当的化学分析和/或生物测定。必须对新开发的燃料和燃烧器进行测试，以确定它们是否为现有技术提供了公共健康优势，包括预期的权衡取舍（例如，降低多环芳烃水平与增加环境空气中的氮氧化物和可能的亚硝胺水平）。另一个需要是改进暴露估计，目前这是进行风险分析的薄弱环节。
