[污水排放对小型底栖动物丰度和生物量的影响]

Huang De-Ming, Liu Xiao-Shou, Lin Ming-Xian, Chen Huai-Pu, Wei Lian-Ming, Huang Xin, Zhang Zhi-Nan

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2014 Oct;25(10):3023-31.

In order to elucidate the effects of sewage discharge on abundance and biomass of meio- fauna, a seasonal survey was carried out on meiofauna at stations with different distances to a sewage outlet in the middle intertidal zone of No. 1 bathing beach in Huiquan Bay, Qingdao in spring (April), summer (August), autumn (October) and winter (December), 2011. The results showed that the annual average meiofaunal abundance was (1859.9 ± 705.1) ind · 10 cm(-2), with higher values of (2444.9 ± 1220.5) ind · 10 cm(-2) at Station S2 (20 m to the sewage outlet) and (2492.2 ± 1839.9) ind · 10 cm(-2) at Station S3 (40 m to the sewage outlet), while the lowest value of (327.9 ± 183.2) ind · 10 cm(-2) was observed at Station S1 (0 m to the sewage outlet) in terms of horizontal distribution. The annual average biomass was (1513.4 ± 372.7) μg · 10 cm(-2). Meiofaunal abundance and biomass varied seasonally with the highest values in spring and the lowest values in summer. A total of 11 meiofaunal groups were identified, including nematodes, copepods, polychaetes, oligochaetes, tardigrades, halacaroideans, planarians, ostracods, isopods, crustacean nauplii and others. Free-living marine nematodes were the dominant group constituting 83. 1% of the total abundance, followed by benthic copepods, accounting for 12. 8% of the total abundance. In terms of vertical distribution, most of the meiofauna concentrated in the top 0-2 cm, and the meiofauna abundance decreased with increasing the sediment depth. Meiofauna was also noted to migrate deeper into the sediment in the winter. Pearson correlation analysis showed that meiofaunal abundance and biomass had highly significant negative correlations with sediment median particle diameter and organic matter content. In addition, tourism-induced activities affected meiofaunal abundance and distribution. A comparison with historical data from similar studies was carried out, and the applicability of the ratio of abundance of nematodes to copepods in monitoring organic pollution was discussed.

为阐明污水排放对小型底栖动物丰度和生物量的影响，于2011年春（4月）、夏（8月）、秋（10月）、冬（12月）对青岛汇泉湾第一海水浴场潮间带中部不同距离排污口处的小型底栖动物进行了季节性调查。结果表明，小型底栖动物年平均丰度为（1859.9±705.1）ind·10 cm⁻²，水平分布上，S2站（距排污口20 m）和S3站（距排污口40 m）的值较高，分别为（2444.9±1220.5）ind·10 cm⁻²和（2492.2±1839.9）ind·10 cm⁻²，而S1站（距排污口0 m）的值最低，为（327.9±183.2）ind·10 cm⁻²。年平均生物量为（1513.4±372.7）μg·10 cm⁻²。小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量随季节变化，春季最高，夏季最低。共鉴定出11个小型底栖动物类群，包括线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、缓步类、海螨类、涡虫类、介形类、等足类、甲壳类无节幼体及其他类群。自由生活海洋线虫为优势类群，占总丰度的83.1%，其次是底栖桡足类，占总丰度的12.8%。在垂直分布上，大多数小型底栖动物集中在表层0 - 2 cm，小型底栖动物丰度随沉积物深度增加而降低。冬季小型底栖动物也会向沉积物深处迁移。Pearson相关分析表明，小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量与沉积物中值粒径和有机质含量呈极显著负相关。此外，旅游活动也影响小型底栖动物的丰度和分布。与类似研究的历史数据进行了比较，并讨论了线虫与桡足类丰度比在监测有机污染中的适用性。