脂质生物标志物为已知最古老的结核病病例提供了进化标志。
Lipid biomarkers provide evolutionary signposts for the oldest known cases of tuberculosis.
作者信息
Lee Oona Y-C, Wu Houdini H T, Besra Gurdyal S, Rothschild Bruce M, Spigelman Mark, Hershkovitz Israel, Bar-Gal Gila Kahila, Donoghue Helen D, Minnikin David E
机构信息
Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
Biodiversity Institute and Departments of Anthropology and Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
出版信息
Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2015 Jun;95 Suppl 1:S127-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
Studies on the evolution of tuberculosis, and the influence of this disease on human and animal development and interaction, require the accumulation of indisputable biomarker evidence. Ideally, the determination of full genomes would provide all the necessary information, but for very old specimens DNA preservation may be compromised and only limited DNA amplification may be a possibility. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterised by the presence of unusual cell envelope lipids, with specific biomarker potential. Lipid biomarker recognition has been decisive in pinpointing the oldest known cases of human and animal tuberculosis; the former are a woman and child from a pre-pottery settlement at Atlit-Yam, Israel (∼9,000 ka) and the latter is an extinct Bison antiquus from Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming (∼17,000 ka). Including some new data, it is demonstrated how analysis of a combination of mycolic, mycocerosic and mycolipenic acid and phthiocerol biomarkers provide incontrovertible evidence for tuberculosis in these landmark specimens.
关于结核病的演变以及这种疾病对人类和动物发展与相互作用的影响的研究，需要积累无可争议的生物标志物证据。理想情况下，全基因组的测定将提供所有必要信息，但对于非常古老的标本，DNA保存可能会受到影响，可能只能进行有限的DNA扩增。结核分枝杆菌的特征是存在具有特定生物标志物潜力的异常细胞包膜脂质。脂质生物标志物的识别在确定已知最古老的人类和动物结核病病例方面起了决定性作用；前者是来自以色列阿特利特-亚姆一个陶器前定居点的一名妇女和一名儿童（约9000年前），后者是来自怀俄明州自然陷阱洞穴的一种已灭绝的古美洲野牛（约17000年前）。包括一些新数据在内，本文展示了如何通过对分枝菌酸、霉菌酸和霉菌脂酸以及结核硬脂醇生物标志物的组合分析，为这些具有里程碑意义的标本中的结核病提供无可争议的证据。
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