Monoclonal antibodies as probes for functional domains in cAMP-dependent protein kinase II.

The antigenic regions of the type II regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent kinase from bovine heart have been correlated with the previously established domain structure of the molecule. Immunoblotting with both serum and monoclonal antibodies of fragments generated by limited proteolysis or chemical cleavage of the R-subunit established that the major antigenic sites were confined to the amino-terminal portion of the polypeptide chain (residues 1-145). Radioimmunoassays using two different antisera suggested that one or more of the high affinity serum antibody recognition sites were further restricted to residues 91-145. This amino-terminal portion of the R-subunit includes the hinge region which is particularly sensitive to proteolysis, allowing the R-subunit to be cleaved readily into a COOH-terminal domain which retains the cAMP-binding sites and an NH2-terminal fragment which appears to be the major site for interaction of the R-subunits in the native dimer. Monoclonal antibodies that recognized determinants on both sides of this hinge region were characterized and their specific recognition sites localized. Accessibility of antigenic sites in the holoenzyme in contrast to free R2 was compared. Although cAMP did tend to slightly increase the affinity of the holoenzyme for one of the monoclonal antibodies, all of the antigenic sites clearly were exposed and accessible in the holoenzyme. Furthermore, despite the presumed close proximity of antigenic sites to interaction sites between the R- and C-subunits, in no case did binding of antibody to the holoenzyme promote dissociation of the complex. The fact that the monoclonal antibodies would precipitate holoenzyme as well as free R2 was used to ascertain the importance of specific amino acid residues in the interaction of the R- and C-subunits. cAMP-binding domains were isolated following limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin and thermolysin. These fragments differed by only three amino acid residues at the NH2-terminal end. U of these fragments in conjunction with immunoadsorption established that the chymotryptic fragment, which contained the Asp-Arg-Arg preceding the site of autophosphorylation, was capable of forming a stable complex with the C-subunit. In contrast, the thermolytic fragment which differed by only those three residues no longer complexed with the C-subunit, indicating that the arginine residues not only contribute to the specificity of the phosphorylation site but also are an essential component for energetically stabilizing the holoenzyme complex.