a Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
b Department of Immunology , Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016 May;44(3):769-79. doi: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1019669. Epub 2015 Mar 24.
In spite of specific immune effector mechanisms raised against tumor cells, there are mechanisms employed by the tumor cells to keep them away from immune recognition and elimination; some of these mechanisms have been identified, while others are still poorly understood. Manipulation or augmentation of specific antitumor immune responses are now the preferred approaches for treatment of malignancies, and traditional therapeutic approaches are being replaced by the use of agents which potentiate immune effector mechanisms, broadly called "immunotherapy". Cancer immunotherapy is generally classified into two main classes including active and passive methods. Interventions to augment the immune system of the patient, for example, vaccination or adjuvant therapy, actively promote antitumor effector mechanisms to improve cancer elimination. On the other hand, administration of specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against different tumor antigens and adoptive transfer of genetically-modified specific T cells are currently the most rapidly developing approaches for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we will discuss the different modalities for active and passive immunotherapy for cancer.
尽管针对肿瘤细胞产生了特异性免疫效应机制，但肿瘤细胞仍有一些机制可以使它们逃避免疫识别和清除；其中一些机制已经被确定，而其他机制仍知之甚少。目前，操纵或增强特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应已成为治疗恶性肿瘤的首选方法，传统的治疗方法正在被增强免疫效应机制的药物所取代，这些药物通常被称为“免疫疗法”。癌症免疫疗法通常分为主动和被动两种主要方法。例如，通过接种疫苗或辅助治疗来增强患者免疫系统，主动促进抗肿瘤效应机制，以提高癌症的消除率，这属于主动干预。另一方面，针对不同肿瘤抗原的特异性单克隆抗体（mAbs）的给药和经基因修饰的特异性 T 细胞的过继转移，是目前癌症靶向治疗中发展最快的方法。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论癌症主动和被动免疫治疗的不同方式。
