van Weelden Lisanne, Schilperoord Joost, Swerts Marc, Pecher Diane
1 Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication (TiCC), The Netherlands.
Exp Psychol. 2015;62(3):181-97. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000284. Epub 2015 Jan 1.
Visual information contributes fundamentally to the process of object categorization. The present study investigated whether the degree of activation of visual information in this process is dependent on the contextual relevance of this information. We used the Proactive Interference (PI-release) paradigm. In four experiments, we manipulated the information by which objects could be categorized and subsequently be retrieved from memory. The pattern of PI-release showed that if objects could be stored and retrieved both by (non-perceptual) semantic and (perceptual) shape information, then shape information was overruled by semantic information. If, however, semantic information could not be (satisfactorily) used to store and retrieve objects, then objects were stored in memory in terms of their shape. The latter effect was found to be strongest for objects from identical semantic categories.
视觉信息在物体分类过程中起着根本性的作用。本研究调查了在此过程中视觉信息的激活程度是否取决于该信息的上下文相关性。我们使用了前摄干扰（PI释放）范式。在四个实验中，我们操纵了用于对物体进行分类并随后从记忆中检索的信息。PI释放模式表明，如果物体可以通过（非感知的）语义信息和（感知的）形状信息进行存储和检索，那么形状信息会被语义信息否决。然而，如果语义信息不能（令人满意地）用于存储和检索物体，那么物体就会根据其形状存储在记忆中。发现后一种效应在来自相同语义类别的物体中最为明显。
