Stanford University/Stanford Cancer Institute, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5826, USA.
Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2012 Dec;1(4):238-53. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2012.10.08.
MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) influence cell motility and lead to tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Alterations in MET have been observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors, with increased expression associated with more aggressive cancer, as well as acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). MET inhibitors act via two basic mechanisms. Small molecule inhibitors antagonize ATP in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of MET, with studies on the following agents reviewed here: tivantinib (ARQ-197), cabozantinib (XL-184), crizotinib (PF-02341066), amuvatinib (MP470), MGCD265, foretinib (EXEL-2880), MK2461, SGX523, PHA665752, JNJ-38877605, SU11274, and K252A. The monoclonal monovalent antibody fragment onartuzumab (MetMAb) is also discussed here, which binds to and prevents the extracellular activation of the receptor by ligand. MET inhibition may both overcome the negative prognostic effect of MET tumor expression as well as antagonize MET-dependent acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Here we discuss MET inhibitors in combination with other therapies in lung cancer.
MET 及其配体肝细胞生长因子/分散因子 (HGF) 影响细胞迁移,导致肿瘤生长、侵袭和血管生成。非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 肿瘤中观察到 MET 的改变,表达增加与更具侵袭性的癌症以及对表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 的获得性耐药有关。MET 抑制剂通过两种基本机制发挥作用。小分子抑制剂拮抗 MET 细胞内酪氨酸激酶结构域中的 ATP,以下研究的药物在此进行综述:tivantinib (ARQ-197)、cabozantinib (XL-184)、crizotinib (PF-02341066)、amuvatinib (MP470)、MGCD265、foretinib (EXEL-2880)、MK2461、SGX523、PHA665752、JNJ-38877605、SU11274 和 K252A。本文还讨论了单克隆单价抗体片段 onartuzumab (MetMAb),它与配体结合并阻止受体的细胞外激活。MET 抑制不仅可以克服 MET 肿瘤表达的负面预后效应,还可以拮抗 MET 依赖性对 EGFR 抑制剂的获得性耐药。在这里,我们讨论了肺癌中 MET 抑制剂与其他疗法的联合应用。