Afridi Hassan Imran, Kazi Tasneem Gul, Talpur Farah Naz, Brabazon Dermot
Clin Lab. 2015;61(1-2):123-40. doi: 10.7754/clin.lab.2014.140505.
In the present study, trace and toxic elements were determined in scalp hair and blood samples of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are smokers living in Dublin, Ireland. These results were compared to age- and gender-matched healthy, non-smoker controls. In this study, these toxic metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Ni, and Pb) were also determined in different components of imported branded cigarettes, including the filler tobacco (FT), filter (before and after normal smoking by a single volunteer), and ash.
The concentrations of trace and toxic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked using certified reference materials and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same certified reference material and on real samples. The recovery of all the studied elements was found to be in the range of 96.41-99.7% in certified reference material.
The results of this study showed that the mean values of cadmium, copper, iron, nickel, and lead were significantly higher (p < 0.001), in scalp hair and blood samples of diabetic patients as compared to referents of both genders. The smoker referents and DM patients have two to three times higher values of these elements than those subjects who were not smokers, whereas, the concentrations of zinc and chromium were lower in the scalp hair and blood samples of diabetic patients as compared to referents. The concentrations/percentage of trace and toxic metals in different components of cigarettes were calculated with respect to their total contents in FT of all branded cigarettes before smoking, while smoke concentration was calculated by subtracting the filter and ash contents from the filler tobacco content of each branded cigarette.
This study showed that increased toxic elements and decreased essential elements as a result of cigarette smoking, are associated with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, these elements may play a role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
在本研究中，对居住在爱尔兰都柏林的糖尿病（DM）吸烟患者的头皮毛发和血液样本中的痕量元素和有毒元素进行了测定。将这些结果与年龄和性别匹配的健康非吸烟对照者进行了比较。在本研究中，还对进口品牌香烟的不同成分，包括填充烟草（FT）、过滤嘴（一名志愿者正常吸烟前后）和烟灰中的这些有毒金属（铜、镉、铁、镍和铅）进行了测定。
采用微波辅助酸消解后，用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定痕量元素和有毒元素的浓度。使用有证标准物质并通过对相同有证标准物质和实际样品采用传统湿酸消解方法来检查该方法的有效性和准确性。发现在有证标准物质中，所有研究元素的回收率在96.41%至99.7%之间。
本研究结果表明，与两性对照者相比，糖尿病患者头皮毛发和血液样本中镉、铜、铁、镍和铅的平均值显著更高（p < 0.001）。吸烟对照者和糖尿病患者这些元素的值比不吸烟的受试者高出两到三倍，而糖尿病患者头皮毛发和血液样本中锌和铬的浓度低于对照者。根据所有品牌香烟吸烟前FT中痕量和有毒金属的总含量计算香烟不同成分中的浓度/百分比，而烟雾浓度通过从每支品牌香烟的填充烟草含量中减去过滤嘴和烟灰含量来计算。
本研究表明，吸烟导致有毒元素增加和必需元素减少与糖尿病有关。因此，这些元素可能在糖尿病的发生和发病机制中起作用。
