Nouvian Régis, Eybalin Michel, Puel Jean-Luc
Inserm U1051 - Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, 34091, Montpellier cedex 5, France,
Cell Tissue Res. 2015 Jul;361(1):301-9. doi: 10.1007/s00441-015-2158-z. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Cochlear activity is regulated by the olivo-cochlear bundle, which originates from the brainstem and projects onto the hair cells and auditory nerve fibers. Two efferent components can be distinguished: the medial and lateral olivo-cochlear efferent originating from the medial, and the lateral nuclei of the superior olivary complex. The input of the efferent systems on hair cells occurs during development and persists in the adult cochlea. Recent studies have shown that the efferent innervations are required to set the activity pattern in developing hair cells and auditory nerve fibers and to protect the synaptic structures in adult cochlea. In addition, efferent innervations undergo plasticity during pathological conditions such as noise-trauma or aging. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the control of the hair cells and afferent fibers excitability by efferent neurons and their putative role in developing adult and pathological conditions.
耳蜗活动受橄榄耳蜗束调节，该束起源于脑干并投射到毛细胞和听神经纤维上。可区分出两个传出成分：起源于上橄榄复合体内侧核和外侧核的内侧和外侧橄榄耳蜗传出纤维。传出系统对毛细胞的输入在发育过程中出现，并在成年耳蜗中持续存在。最近的研究表明，传出神经支配对于设定发育中的毛细胞和听神经纤维的活动模式以及保护成年耳蜗中的突触结构是必需的。此外，在诸如噪声创伤或衰老等病理状态下，传出神经支配会发生可塑性变化。本综述讨论了传出神经元控制毛细胞和传入纤维兴奋性的潜在机制及其在成年发育和病理状态中的假定作用。
