Kaland Mingzohn Ellen, Klein-Schwartz Wendy, Anderson Bruce D
Maryland Poison Center, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, USA.
Maryland Poison Center, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, USA.
Toxicon. 2015 Jun 1;99:125-9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.03.014. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Toxalbumins are natural plant toxins purported to be highly toxic. The purpose was to evaluate toxalbumin exposures reported to U.S. poison centers to determine plants involved and their toxicities.
A retrospective review of National Poison Data System data on acute toxalbumin exposures with known outcomes from 2000 through 2011 was performed.
There were 1164 exposures. The majority involved one route (1135; 97.5%), mostly ingestions (904; 79.7%) or dermal (166; 14.3%). Most patients developed no effects (694; 59.6%) or minor effects (374; 32.1%). Moderate or major effects occurred in 8.3% with 66.6% ingestions and 23.9% dermal. There were no deaths. Exposures to the plants Ricinus communis and Robinia pseudoacacia were most common (33.8% and 32.9%, respectively), with gastrointestinal effects from R. communis (vomiting 19.6%, diarrhea 8.9%, nausea 7.9%) and dermal effects from R. pseudoacacia (puncture 28.7%, dermal irritation/pain 27.9%, and edema 13.3%).
While toxalbumin plant exposures were generally well-tolerated, continued evaluation of risk is warranted since plants were primarily identified by the public. Major effects occurred in under 1% of cases overall, and not at all following unintentional ingestions. These findings should help allay concerns that unintentional ingestions of toxalbumin plants by young children will cause serious toxicity and possibly death.
毒蛋白是据称具有高毒性的天然植物毒素。目的是评估向美国毒物控制中心报告的毒蛋白暴露情况，以确定涉及的植物及其毒性。
对2000年至2011年国家毒物数据系统中已知结局的急性毒蛋白暴露数据进行回顾性分析。
共1164例暴露。大多数为单一途径暴露（1135例，97.5%），主要是经口摄入（904例，79.7%）或经皮接触（166例，14.3%）。大多数患者无影响（694例，59.6%）或有轻微影响（374例，32.1%）。中度或重度影响发生在8.3%的患者中，经口摄入者占66.6%，经皮接触者占23.9%。无死亡病例。蓖麻和洋槐的暴露最为常见（分别为33.8%和32.9%），蓖麻引起胃肠道症状（呕吐19.6%、腹泻8.9%、恶心7.9%），洋槐引起皮肤症状（刺伤28.7%、皮肤刺激/疼痛27.9%、水肿13.3%）。
虽然毒蛋白植物暴露通常耐受性良好，但鉴于植物主要由公众识别，仍需持续评估风险。总体而言，重度影响发生在不到1%的病例中，无意摄入后未出现过此类情况。这些发现应有助于减轻人们对幼儿无意摄入毒蛋白植物会导致严重毒性甚至死亡的担忧。
