Khachatoorian Careen, Ramirez Rigoberto A, Hernandez Fernando, Serna Raphael, Kwok Ernest Y
Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA.
Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA.
Acta Histochem. 2015 Apr;117(3):279-87. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Large protein complexes form in the cytosol of prokaryotes and eukaryotes as assemblies of functional enzymes or aggregates of misfolded proteins. Their roles in the cell range from critical components of metabolism to disease-causing agents. We have observed a novel structure in the cells of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that appears to be a form of inclusion body. These long, spindle-shaped structures form when Arabidopsis are transformed to express high levels of the protein Annexin4 fused to a fluorescent protein. These structures, previously named darts, are visible in all cells of the plant throughout development. Darts take on a variety of morphologies including rings and figure-eights. These structures are not associated with the endomembrane system and are not membrane bounded. Darts appear to be insoluble aggregates of protein analogous to bacterial inclusion bodies and eukaryotic aggresomes. Similar structures have not been observed in untransformed plants, suggesting darts are artifacts of transgenic overexpression.
大型蛋白质复合物在原核生物和真核生物的细胞质中形成，它们或是功能性酶的集合体，或是错误折叠蛋白质的聚集体。它们在细胞中的作用范围从新陈代谢的关键组成部分到致病因子。我们在转基因拟南芥细胞中观察到一种新型结构，它似乎是一种包涵体形式。当拟南芥被转化以高水平表达与荧光蛋白融合的膜联蛋白4时，这些长的纺锤形结构就会形成。这些结构以前被称为“飞镖”，在植物发育的所有细胞中都可见。“飞镖”呈现出多种形态，包括环状和数字8字形。这些结构与内膜系统无关，也没有膜包裹。“飞镖”似乎是类似于细菌包涵体和真核生物聚集体的蛋白质不溶性聚集体。在未转化的植物中未观察到类似结构，这表明“飞镖”是转基因过表达的人为产物。
