Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78713, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain.
New Phytol. 2012 Nov;196(3):695-712. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04308.x. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
Annexins are an homologous, structurally related superfamily of proteins known to associate with membrane lipid and cytoskeletal components. Their involvement in membrane organization, vesicle trafficking and signaling is fundamental to cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, secretion and repair. Annexins exist in some prokaryotes and all eukaryotic phyla within which plant annexins represent a monophyletic clade of homologs descended from green algae. Genomic, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches have provided data on the diversity, cellular localization and expression patterns of different plant annexins. The availability of 35 complete plant genomes has enabled systematic comparative analysis to determine phylogenetic relationships, characterize structures and observe functional specificity between and within individual subfamilies. Short amino termini and selective erosion of the canonical type 2 calcium coordinating sites in domains 2 and 3 are typical of plant annexins. The convergent evolution of alternate functional motifs such as 'KGD', redox-sensitive Cys and hydrophobic Trp/Phe residues argues for their functional relevance and contribution to mechanistic diversity in plant annexins. This review examines recent findings and advances in plant annexin research with special focus on their structural diversity, cellular and molecular interactions and their potential integrated functions in the broader context of physiological responses.
膜联蛋白是一类结构相关的同源蛋白超家族，已知其与膜脂和细胞骨架成分相关联。它们在膜组织、囊泡运输和信号转导中的作用对细胞过程至关重要，如生长、分化、分泌和修复。膜联蛋白存在于一些原核生物和所有真核生物门中，其中植物膜联蛋白代表了从绿藻进化而来的同源物的单系分支。基因组、蛋白质组和转录组学方法提供了关于不同植物膜联蛋白的多样性、细胞定位和表达模式的数据。35 个完整的植物基因组的可用性使系统比较分析能够确定系统发育关系、描述结构，并观察单个亚家族之间和内部的功能特异性。短的氨基末端和结构域 2 和 3 中典型的 2 型钙协调位点的选择性侵蚀是植物膜联蛋白的典型特征。替代功能基序如“KGD”、氧化还原敏感的半胱氨酸和疏水性色氨酸/苯丙氨酸残基的趋同进化证明了它们的功能相关性，并为植物膜联蛋白的机制多样性做出了贡献。本综述考察了植物膜联蛋白研究的最新发现和进展，特别关注它们的结构多样性、细胞和分子相互作用以及它们在更广泛的生理反应背景下的潜在综合功能。
