DNA-protein interactions during replication of genetic elements of bacteria.

Specific interactions of DNA with proteins are required for both the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid proper and its regulation. Genetic elements of bacteria, their extrachromosomal elements in particular, represent a suitable model system for studies of these processes at the molecular level. In addition to replication enzymes (DNA polymerases), a series of other protein factors (e.g. topoisomerases, DNA unwinding enzymes, and DNA binding proteins) are involved in the replication of the chromosomal, phage and plasmid DNA. Specific interactions of proteins with DNA are particularly important in the regulation of initiation of DNA synthesis. Association of DNAs with the cell membrane also plays an important role in their replication in bacteria.