Smith Kellie N, Housseau Franck
Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Discov Med. 2015 Mar;19(104):229-38.
Over 30 million people worldwide are currently infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). While HIV-1 infection was initially thought to be a death sentence, the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the mid-1990's resulted in decreases in viremia and an extended lifespan for infected persons. Despite this, long-term control of the virus in the absence of drug therapy has yet to be achieved, owing to the rebound in viral load and resumption of disease progression that follows removal of the patient from cART. Currently, the most promising candidates for an HIV-1 cure are immunotherapies that harness the patient's own immune system and induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated clearance of infected cells. Most of these approaches were developed and optimized in the cancer setting and have had varying degrees of success, the findings from which have wide applications to various disease models. In this review, we evaluate the past successes and failures of cancer immunotherapy and how the findings have shaped our journey toward an HIV-1 cure.
目前，全球有超过3000万人感染了1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）。虽然HIV-1感染最初被认为是一种死刑判决，但20世纪90年代中期联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（cART）的出现，导致病毒血症降低，感染者的寿命延长。尽管如此，由于在患者停止cART治疗后病毒载量反弹和疾病进展恢复，在没有药物治疗的情况下尚未实现对病毒的长期控制。目前，最有希望治愈HIV-1的候选方法是利用患者自身免疫系统并诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）介导清除感染细胞的免疫疗法。这些方法大多是在癌症环境中开发和优化的，并且取得了不同程度的成功，其研究结果在各种疾病模型中具有广泛应用。在这篇综述中，我们评估了癌症免疫疗法过去的成功与失败，以及这些研究结果如何塑造了我们治愈HIV-1的历程。
