Billen U, Schwarze C W, van Laere D
Fortschr Kieferorthop. 1989 Oct;50(5):440-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02171178.
1435 permanent incisors and canines were examined in 134 children and juveniles undergoing orthodontic treatment. Nearly 50% of the subjects had sustained trauma to their anterior teeth with equal numbers of boys and girls. Girls, however, were less often injured by direct contact. Pulp testing with dry ice from liquid CO2 showed disturbed sensitivity mainly of the upper anterior teeth. In the group with trauma the frequency of this phenomenon was increased compared to the group without trauma. The electric pulp tester did not prove suitable for sensitivity tests compared with dry ice testing.
对134名接受正畸治疗的儿童和青少年的1435颗恒切牙和尖牙进行了检查。近50%的受试者上前牙受过外伤，男孩和女孩的受伤人数相等。然而，女孩较少因直接接触而受伤。用液态二氧化碳制成的干冰进行牙髓测试显示，主要是上前牙的感觉受到干扰。与未受过外伤的组相比，受过外伤的组中这种现象的发生率更高。与干冰测试相比，电牙髓测试仪被证明不适用于敏感性测试。
