Arm posture and human movement capability.

Many workers perform manual assembly tasks or use hand tools while the hands are postured above the shoulders or to the side of the body. Experiments were conducted to study the sensitivity of speed-accuracy movement performance to a wide range of hand locations around the shoulder under various levels of hand loads, ratios of work to rest, and task durations. Subjects performed a spatially constrained stylus-to-hole Fitts reciprocal movement task designed to simulate high-incentive manual assembly operations while providing basic information regarding changes in human move and positioning capabilities. Significant decrements in movement performance occurred when hands were postured above shoulder level. Move and positioning times increased 15.3% and 26.5%, respectively, with elevation of the hand from -15 to 60 deg respective to shoulder level. Posturally based decrements in movement capability were unrelated to differences in subject strength capability found among test postures. The consequences of elevated arm postures on human move and positioning capability are presented along with workplace design and methods recommendations for job designers facing work-height decisions in manual assembly environments.