牙买加儿童血铅浓度相关因素。
Factors associated with blood lead concentrations of children in Jamaica.
作者信息
Rahbar Mohammad H, Samms-Vaughan Maureen, Dickerson Aisha S, Loveland Katherine A, Ardjomand-Hessabi Manouchehr, Bressler Jan, Shakespeare-Pellington Sydonnie, Grove Megan L, Boerwinkle Eric
机构信息
a Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences , University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston , Houston , Texas , USA.
出版信息
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2015;50(6):529-39. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2015.994932.
Lead is a heavy metal known to be detrimental to neurologic, physiologic, and behavioral health of children. Previous studies from Jamaica reported that mean lead levels in soil are four times that of lead levels in some other parts of the world. Other studies detected lead levels in fruits and root vegetables, which were grown in areas with lead contaminated soil. In this study, we investigate environmental factors associated with blood lead concentrations in Jamaican children. The participants in this study comprised 125 typically developing (TD) children (ages 2-8 years) who served as controls in an age- and sex-matched case-control study that enrolled children from 2009-2012 in Jamaica. We administered a questionnaire to assess demographic and socioeconomic information as well as potential exposures to lead through food. Using General Linear Models (GLMs), we identified factors associated with blood lead concentrations in Jamaican children. The geometric mean blood lead concentration (GMBLC) in the sample of children in this study was 2.80 μg dL(-1). In univariable GLM analyses, GMBLC was higher for children whose parents did not have education beyond high school compared to those whose parents had attained this level (3.00 μg dL(-1) vs. 2.31 μg dL(-1); P = 0.05), children living near a high traffic road compared to those who did not (3.43 μg dL(-1) vs. 2.52 μg dL(-1); P < 0.01), and children who reported eating ackee compared to those who did not eat this fruit (2.89 μg dL(-1) vs. 1.65 μg dL(-1); P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, living near a high traffic road was identified as an independent risk factor for higher adjusted GMBLC (3.05 μg dL(-1) vs. 2.19 μg dL(-1); P = 0.01). While our findings indicate that GMBLC in Jamaican children has dropped by at least 62% during the past two decades, children living in Jamaica still have GMBLC that is twice that of children in more developed countries. In addition, we have identified significant risk factors for higher blood lead concentrations in Jamaican children. We believe increasing awareness among parents regarding these risk factors could potentially lead to a lower level of lead exposure in Jamaican children.
铅是一种重金属，已知会损害儿童的神经、生理和行为健康。牙买加此前的研究报告称，土壤中的铅平均含量是世界其他一些地区铅含量的四倍。其他研究检测了在铅污染土壤地区种植的水果和根茎类蔬菜中的铅含量。在本研究中，我们调查了与牙买加儿童血铅浓度相关的环境因素。本研究的参与者包括125名发育正常（TD）的儿童（年龄在2至8岁之间），他们在一项年龄和性别匹配的病例对照研究中作为对照，该研究于2009年至2012年在牙买加招募儿童。我们发放了一份问卷，以评估人口统计学和社会经济信息以及通过食物接触铅的潜在情况。使用广义线性模型（GLMs），我们确定了与牙买加儿童血铅浓度相关的因素。本研究中儿童样本的几何平均血铅浓度（GMBLC）为2.80μg/dL（-1）。在单变量GLM分析中，父母未接受高中以上教育的儿童的GMBLC高于父母达到该水平的儿童（3.00μg/dL（-1）对2.31μg/dL（-1）；P = 0.05），居住在交通繁忙道路附近的儿童的GMBLC高于不住在附近的儿童（3.43μg/dL（-1）对2.52μg/dL（-1）；P < 0.01），报告食用西非荔枝果的儿童的GMBLC高于未食用该水果的儿童（2.89μg/dL（-1）对1.65μg/dL（-1）；P < 0.05）。在多变量分析中，居住在交通繁忙道路附近被确定为调整后GMBLC较高的独立危险因素（3.05μg/dL（-1）对2.19μg/dL（-1）；P = 0.01）。虽然我们的研究结果表明，在过去二十年中，牙买加儿童的GMBLC至少下降了62%，但居住在牙买加的儿童的GMBLC仍是较发达国家儿童的两倍。此外，我们已经确定了牙买加儿童血铅浓度较高的重要危险因素。我们认为，提高家长对这些危险因素的认识可能会降低牙买加儿童的铅暴露水平。
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