McHugh Matthew J, Broadhurst Matt K, Sterling David J, Millar Russell B
Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 2;10(4):e0123124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123124. eCollection 2015.
Various plastic strips and sheets (termed 'simple anterior fish excluders'-SAFEs) were positioned across the openings of penaeid trawls in attempts at reducing the unwanted bycatches of small teleosts. Initially, three SAFEs (a single wire without, and with small and large plastic panels) were compared against a control (no SAFE) on paired beam trawls. All SAFEs maintained targeted Metapenaeus macleayi catches, while the largest plastic SAFE significantly reduced total bycatch by 51% and the numbers of Pomatomus saltatrix, Mugil cephalus and Herklotsichthys castelnaui by up to 58%. A redesigned SAFE ('continuous plastic') was subsequently tested (against a control) on paired otter trawls, significantly reducing total bycatch by 28% and P. saltatrix and H. castelnaui by up to 42%. The continuous-plastic SAFE also significantly reduced M. macleayi catches by ~7%, but this was explained by ~5% less wing-end spread, and could be simply negated through otter-board refinement. Further work is required to refine the tested SAFEs, and to quantify species-specific escape mechanisms. Nevertheless, the SAFE concept might represent an effective approach for improving penaeid-trawl selectivity.
各种塑料条和塑料片（称为“简易前部鱼类排除器”，即SAFEs）被放置在对虾拖网的开口处，试图减少小型硬骨鱼的意外兼捕量。最初，在双船桁拖网上，将三种SAFEs（一根不带塑料板、带小塑料板和带大塑料板的单丝）与一个对照（无SAFEs）进行了比较。所有SAFEs都保持了目标黄斑对虾的捕获量，而最大的塑料SAFEs显著减少了总兼捕量的51%，并使尖吻鲈、鲻鱼和卡氏赫氏鱼的数量减少了多达58%。随后，在双船底拖网上对重新设计的SAFEs（“连续塑料”）进行了测试（与对照相比），显著减少了总兼捕量的28%，并使尖吻鲈和卡氏赫氏鱼的数量减少了多达42%。连续塑料SAFEs也使黄斑对虾的捕获量显著减少了约7%，但这可以通过翼端展开减少约5%来解释，并且可以通过改进拖网板简单地消除。需要进一步开展工作来优化经过测试的SAFEs，并量化特定物种的逃逸机制。尽管如此，SAFEs概念可能是一种提高对虾拖网选择性的有效方法。
