Harshfield G A, Alpert B S, Willey E S, Somes G W, Murphy J K, Dupaul L M
LeBonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
Hypertension. 1989 Dec;14(6):598-603. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.14.6.598.
The purpose of this study was to examine ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate patterns in healthy, normotensive adolescents and to determine the influence of race and gender on these patterns. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were performed on 199 adolescents; 42 were black males, 55 were white males, 65 were black females, and 37 were white females. The mean age (+/- SD) was 13 +/- 2 years. Blood pressure readings were obtained with an automatic, noninvasive recorder. Black adolescents and white adolescents had similar blood pressures while awake (116/69 vs. 116/69 mm Hg), with boys having higher levels of systolic blood pressure (118 vs. 114 mm Hg) and comparable levels of diastolic blood pressure (69 vs. 69 mm Hg) relative to girls. The patterns while the adolescents were asleep, however, were different. White boys (106 mm Hg), white girls (105 mm Hg), and black girls (105 mm Hg) had similar systolic blood pressures during sleep. Black boys (112 mm Hg), however, had significantly higher systolic blood pressures while asleep. Black adolescents, as a group, had significantly higher diastolic blood pressures than white adolescents while asleep (64 vs. 61 mm Hg). Changes in blood pressure from awake to asleep were not related to changes in heart rate. Results of this study indicate that both race and gender are important determinants of the diurnal pattern of blood pressure and heart rate in adolescents.
本研究的目的是检测健康、血压正常的青少年的动态血压和心率模式，并确定种族和性别对这些模式的影响。对199名青少年进行了动态血压记录；其中42名是黑人男性，55名是白人男性，65名是黑人女性，37名是白人女性。平均年龄（±标准差）为13±2岁。使用自动无创记录仪获取血压读数。黑人青少年和白人青少年清醒时的血压相似（116/69 vs. 116/69毫米汞柱），相对于女孩，男孩的收缩压水平更高（118 vs. 114毫米汞柱），舒张压水平相当（69 vs. 69毫米汞柱）。然而，青少年睡眠时的模式有所不同。白人男孩（106毫米汞柱）、白人女孩（105毫米汞柱）和黑人女孩（105毫米汞柱）睡眠期间的收缩压相似。然而，黑人男孩睡眠时的收缩压明显更高（112毫米汞柱）。黑人青少年作为一个群体，睡眠时的舒张压明显高于白人青少年（64 vs. 61毫米汞柱）。从清醒到睡眠时的血压变化与心率变化无关。本研究结果表明，种族和性别都是青少年血压和心率昼夜模式的重要决定因素。
