Kola Mohammed Zaheer, Shah Altaf H, Khalil Hesham S, Rabah Ahmed Mahmoud, Harby Nehad Mohammed H, Sabra Seham Ali, Raghav Deepti
Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
Niger J Surg. 2015 Jan-Jun;21(1):1-5. doi: 10.4103/1117-6806.152720.
Dental implants have been used in a variety of different forms for many years. Since the mid-20(th) century, there has been an increase in interest in the implant process for the replacement of missing teeth. Branemark was one of the initial pioneers who applied scientifically based research techniques to develop an endosseous implant that forms an immobile connection with bone. The need for a dental implant to completely address multiple physical and biological factors imposes tremendous constraints on the surgical and handling protocol. Metallic dental implants have been successfully used for decades, but they have serious shortcomings related to their bony union and the fact that their mechanical properties do not match those of bone. However, anatomic limitation and restorative demands encourage the surgeon to gain precision in planning and surgical positioning of dental implants. Ideal placement of the implant facilitates the establishment of favorable forces on the implants and the prosthetic component as well as ensures an aesthetic outcome. Therefore, it is advisable to establish a logical continuity between the planned restoration and the surgical phases, it is essential to use a transfer device that for sure increases the predictability of success. The surgical guide template is fabricated by a dental technician after the presurgical restorative appointments that primarily include determination of occlusal scheme and implant angulations. Here, authors genuinely attempted to review the evolution and clinical applicability of surgical templates used in the placement of dental implants.
多年来，牙科植入物已以多种不同形式被使用。自20世纪中叶以来，人们对用于替代缺失牙齿的植入过程的兴趣不断增加。布伦马克是最初的先驱者之一，他应用基于科学的研究技术开发了一种与骨形成固定连接的骨内植入物。牙科植入物需要完全解决多种物理和生物学因素，这对手术和操作方案施加了巨大限制。金属牙科植入物已成功使用了数十年，但它们在与骨结合方面存在严重缺点，并且其机械性能与骨不匹配。然而，解剖学限制和修复需求促使外科医生在牙科植入物的规划和手术定位方面提高精度。植入物的理想放置有助于在植入物和修复部件上建立有利的力，并确保美学效果。因此，建议在计划的修复和手术阶段之间建立逻辑连续性，使用肯定能提高成功可预测性的转移装置至关重要。手术导板模板由牙科技师在术前修复预约后制作，术前修复预约主要包括确定咬合方案和植入物角度。在此，作者真诚地试图回顾用于牙科植入物放置的手术模板的演变和临床适用性。
