Gronfier Claude
Inserm U846, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau, Département de Chronobiologie, 69500 Bron, France - Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.
Biol Aujourdhui. 2014;208(4):261-7. doi: 10.1051/jbio/2015008. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
Hormonal secretion, cognitive performance, motor activity, metabolic processes, the sleep wake cycle and, most recently shown, cell division and ADN repair show a 24 h rhythmicity that is driven by the circadian timing system (the biological clock). Their appropriate activity over the 24 h requires appropriate entrainment of the circadian clock, which is achieved through the synchronizing effects of ocular light exposure. The activation of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in the retina depends on timing, quality, intensity, and history of light exposure. Inappropriate lighting leads to inappropriate synchronization of the clock, and activation of non-visual functions (mood, wakefulness, cognition, etc.). In turn, a deficit of circadian entrainment to the 24 h is responsible for alterations of a large number of functions, and leads to altered sleep, wake, mood, neurobehavioral processes and cell division, but also to pathologies. The crucial role of the circadian clock and the nature of the non-visual functions activated by light give rise to the concept that light is a biological need fundamental to health. Without an appropriate light hygiene, the clock receives an odd tempo, and it is cacophony!
激素分泌、认知能力、运动活动、代谢过程、睡眠-清醒周期，以及最近发现的细胞分裂和DNA修复，都呈现出由昼夜节律计时系统（生物钟）驱动的24小时节律性。它们在24小时内的适当活动需要生物钟的适当校准，这是通过眼部光照的同步作用实现的。视网膜中表达黑视蛋白的神经节细胞的激活取决于光照的时间、质量、强度和光照历史。不适当的光照会导致生物钟的同步不当，并激活非视觉功能（情绪、清醒度、认知等）。反过来，生物钟与24小时昼夜节律的校准不足会导致大量功能的改变，进而导致睡眠、清醒、情绪、神经行为过程和细胞分裂的改变，还会引发疾病。生物钟的关键作用以及光激活的非视觉功能的性质，引发了这样一种概念，即光是健康的一项基本生物需求。没有适当的光卫生，生物钟就会收到不协调的节奏，就会产生刺耳的声音！
