Martínez Luis C, Plata-Rueda Angelica, Zanuncio José C, Serrão José E
Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
J Insect Sci. 2015 Apr 5;15(1). doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iev021. Print 2015.
Demotispa neivai Bondar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damage oil palm fruits, which makes it necessary to develop products to control this insect. The mortality, repellency, and antifeeding effects on adults of D. neivai of six plant extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Sapindales: Meliaceae), Ricinus communis (L.) (Malpighiaes: Euphorbiaceae), Citrus sinensis Oesbek (Sapindales: Rutaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (L.) (Slanales: Solanaceae), Capsicum annuum (L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae), and Artemisia absinthium (L.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) were determined: 1) the lethal concentration LC50-90, lethal time of D. neivai was evaluated after spraying the fruits of oil palm; 2) repellent effects of each ingredient were evaluated by calculating the index of repellency; 3) antifeeding effects with the rate of inhibition calculated between doses of 20 and 24 g/liter. The mortality of D. neivai was higher with the extracts Ci. sinensis, R. communis, N. tabacum, and Ca. annuum. The mortality of D. neivai increased in the first 72 hr in all treatments. The extracts of N. tabacum, Ca. annuum, and A. indica were more repellent to D. neivai that those of Ci. sinensis, Ar. Absinthium, and R. communis. Antifeeding effect was higher with Ci. sinensis and R. communis. The increased mortality of D. neivai by Ci. sinensis can be explained by the effect of this compound on the respiratory system of insects. Extracts of Ci. sinensis, R. communis, N. tabacum, and Ca. annuum repelled and caused mortality of D. neivai and, thus, can be used in integrate pest management programs of this pest in oil palm plantations.
内氏德莫叶甲（Demotispa neivai Bondar，鞘翅目：叶甲科）会损害油棕果实，因此有必要研发防治这种昆虫的产品。测定了印楝（Azadirachta indica A. Juss.，无患子目：楝科）、蓖麻（Ricinus communis (L.)，金虎尾目：大戟科）、脐橙（Citrus sinensis Oesbek，无患子目：芸香科）、烟草（Nicotiana tabacum (L.)，茄目：茄科）、辣椒（Capsicum annuum (L.)，茄目：茄科）和苦艾（Artemisia absinthium (L.)，菊目：菊科）的六种植物提取物对成年内氏德莫叶甲的致死率、驱避作用和拒食作用：1）通过喷洒油棕果实来评估内氏德莫叶甲的致死浓度LC50 - 90和致死时间；2）通过计算驱避指数来评估每种成分的驱避效果；3）在20至24克/升的剂量之间计算抑制率来评估拒食作用。内氏德莫叶甲对脐橙、蓖麻、烟草和辣椒提取物的死亡率较高。在所有处理中，内氏德莫叶甲的死亡率在前72小时内有所增加。烟草、辣椒和印楝的提取物比脐橙、苦艾和蓖麻的提取物对内氏德莫叶甲更具驱避性。脐橙和蓖麻的拒食作用更高。脐橙导致内氏德莫叶甲死亡率增加的原因可能是该化合物对昆虫呼吸系统的影响。脐橙、蓖麻、烟草和辣椒的提取物对内氏德莫叶甲具有驱避作用并能导致其死亡，因此可用于油棕种植园该害虫的综合虫害管理计划。
