†College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong China.
§Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 May 5;49(9):5288-300. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00399. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
This article reviews studies focusing on the removal performance of natural estrogens in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Key factors influencing removal include: sludge retention time (SRT), aeration, temperature, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and substrate concentration. Batch studies show that natural estrogens should biodegrade well; however, batch observations do not always agree with observations from full-scale municipal WWTPs. To explain this discrepancy, deconjugation kinetics of estrogen conjugates in lab-scale studies were examined and compared. Most estrogen conjugates with slow deconjugation rates are unlikely to be easily removed; others could be cleaved in WWTP settings. Nevertheless, some estrogens cleaved from their conjugates may be found in treated effluent, because deconjugation requires several hours or longer, and there is insufficient rest time for the biodegradation of the cleaved natural estrogens in the WWTP. Therefore, WWTP removals of natural estrogens are likely to be underestimated when estrogen conjugates are present in raw wastewater. This review suggests that biodeconjugation of estrogen conjugates should be enhanced to more effectively remove natural estrogens in WWTPs.
本文综述了研究集中于天然雌激素在城市污水处理厂（WWTP）中的去除性能。影响去除的关键因素包括：污泥停留时间（SRT）、曝气、温度、混合液悬浮固体（MLSS）和基质浓度。间歇研究表明，天然雌激素应该能够很好地生物降解；然而，批处理观察结果并不总是与大型城市 WWTP 的观察结果一致。为了解释这种差异，研究人员在实验室规模的研究中检查并比较了雌激素结合物的去共轭动力学。大多数去共轭速率较慢的雌激素结合物不太可能被轻易去除；其他结合物可能在 WWTP 环境中被分解。然而，一些从结合物中分解出来的雌激素可能会在处理后的废水中被发现，因为去共轭作用需要几个小时或更长时间，而在 WWTP 中，没有足够的时间来生物降解分解出来的天然雌激素。因此，当原废水中存在雌激素结合物时，WWTP 对天然雌激素的去除可能被低估。本综述表明，应该增强生物去共轭作用，以更有效地去除 WWTP 中的天然雌激素。
