Valdés Joaquín, Olivares Jesús, Ponce Daniela, Schmachtenberg Oliver
Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, 2360102, Valparaíso, Chile.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2015 Aug;41(4):879-85. doi: 10.1007/s10695-015-0054-9. Epub 2015 Apr 12.
Salmonid fishes like the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have a highly developed olfactory sense that allows them to perceive some odorants at very low concentrations, such as certain amino acids and bile salts. Previous behavioral and electrophysiological studies in salmonids have shown strong responses to human skin odor. Because this stimulus represents a complex and heterogeneous mixture of components, we sought to determine which odorants contribute to the sensitive detection of human skin odor by salmonids. In vivo electroolfactogram recordings in O. mykiss revealed lactic acid, pyruvic acid and two B vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, as novel, potent odorants which triggered responses at nanomolar concentrations. Two more B vitamins, nicotinic and pantothenic acid, were detected at micromolar concentrations. These compounds share important roles in cellular energy metabolism, supporting an original role in food search and feeding behavior of this species and most likely other fishes. The olfactory detection of B vitamins by salmonids represents a new paradigm in chemosensation, warranting further investigation in other teleosts.
像虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）这样的鲑科鱼类拥有高度发达的嗅觉，这使它们能够感知极低浓度的某些气味物质，比如特定的氨基酸和胆盐。先前对鲑科鱼类进行的行为学和电生理学研究表明，它们对人类皮肤气味有强烈反应。由于这种刺激代表了一种复杂且成分各异的混合物，我们试图确定哪些气味物质有助于鲑科鱼类对人类皮肤气味进行灵敏检测。对虹鳟鱼进行的体内嗅觉电图记录显示，乳酸、丙酮酸以及两种B族维生素（硫胺素和核黄素）是新型强效气味物质，它们在纳摩尔浓度下就能引发反应。另外两种B族维生素（烟酸和泛酸）在微摩尔浓度下被检测到。这些化合物在细胞能量代谢中发挥着重要作用，这支持了它们在该物种以及很可能在其他鱼类的食物搜索和摄食行为中所起的原始作用。鲑科鱼类对B族维生素的嗅觉检测代表了化学感觉中的一种新范式，值得在其他硬骨鱼中进一步研究。
