Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2015 Aug;11(4):621-34. doi: 10.1007/s12015-015-9589-5.
Adult or somatic stem cells are tissue-resident cells with the ability to proliferate, exhibit self-maintenance as well as to generate new cells with the principal phenotypes of the tissue in response to injury or disease. Due to their easy accessibility and their potential use in regenerative medicine, adult stem cells raise the hope for future personalisable therapies. After infection or during injury, they are exposed to broad range of pathogen or damage-associated molecules leading to changes in their proliferation, migration and differentiation. The sensing of such damage and infection signals is mostly achieved by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) with Toll-like receptor 4 being responsible for recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge on the TLR4-mediated signalling in different adult stem cell populations. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of TLR4 and its ligands on proliferation, differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells as well as neural stem cells. Finally, we discuss conceptual and technical pitfalls in investigation of TLR4 signalling in stem cells.
成人或体干细胞是组织驻留细胞，具有增殖能力，表现出自维持以及在受伤或患病时响应产生新的具有组织主要表型的细胞的能力。由于它们易于获取以及在再生医学中的潜在用途，成人干细胞为未来的个性化治疗带来了希望。在感染或受伤后，它们会暴露于广泛的病原体或损伤相关分子中，导致其增殖、迁移和分化发生变化。这种损伤和感染信号的感知主要是通过 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 实现的，其中 Toll 样受体 4 负责识别细菌脂多糖 (LPS) 和内源性危险相关分子模式 (DAMP)。在这篇综述中，我们检查了目前关于不同成人干细胞群中 TLR4 介导的信号转导的知识状态。具体来说，我们详细阐述了 TLR4 及其配体在间充质干细胞、造血干细胞和神经干细胞增殖、分化和迁移中的作用。最后，我们讨论了在干细胞中研究 TLR4 信号转导的概念和技术陷阱。
