Cluver Lucie, Gardner Frances
J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2007 Jun;19(1):1-17. doi: 10.2989/17280580709486631.
This paper reviews research on the mental health and psychological outcomes of children who are orphaned by AIDS. Studies are limited, scattered and often unpublished. The review focuses on research which is quantitative and based on primary research with uninfected children who are parentally bereaved by AIDS. Due to the limited available quantitative research in this area, both controlled and uncontrolled studies are included. Selected qualitative and related literature is also reviewed, with a focus on work relevant to the southern African context. This paper builds upon and updates Wild's seminal review, published in this journal in 2001 (Wild 2001). We found 24 studies worldwide, with wide variations in sample characteristics, outcome measurements and control groups. Three of these studies are ongoing. Internalising problems in orphaned children were found in 16 studies (of the 19 studies which measured them) and externalising problems were found in five studies (of 10 which measured them). There is a clear need for further, and rigorous, research into mental health, and risk and protective factors for children orphaned by AIDS. Furthermore, it is critical that research adopts a more coordinated approach, which allows for meaningful comparisons of child outcomes in different areas.
本文综述了关于因艾滋病而成为孤儿的儿童的心理健康和心理状况的研究。相关研究数量有限、较为分散且常常未发表。该综述聚焦于定量研究，这些研究基于对未感染艾滋病但因艾滋病失去双亲的儿童的原始研究。鉴于该领域现有定量研究有限，因此纳入了对照研究和非对照研究。还对选定的定性研究及相关文献进行了综述，重点关注与南部非洲背景相关的研究。本文以2001年发表在本期刊上的怀尔德的开创性综述（怀尔德，2001年）为基础并进行了更新。我们在全球范围内找到了24项研究，这些研究在样本特征、结果测量和对照组方面存在很大差异。其中三项研究正在进行中。在19项测量了孤儿内化问题的研究中，有16项发现了此类问题；在10项测量了外化问题的研究中，有5项发现了此类问题。显然有必要对艾滋病致孤儿童的心理健康以及风险和保护因素开展进一步的严谨研究。此外，至关重要的是，研究应采用更协调一致的方法，以便能够对不同地区儿童的结果进行有意义的比较。
